Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor is LEAST likely to be associated with the onset of schizophrenia?
Which factor is LEAST likely to be associated with the onset of schizophrenia?
- Genetic predisposition
- Advanced age (correct)
- Urban living environment
- Early childhood trauma
A patient describes hearing voices and believes they are being monitored by the government. Which symptoms are they experiencing?
A patient describes hearing voices and believes they are being monitored by the government. Which symptoms are they experiencing?
- Hallucination and delusion (correct)
- Disorganized speech and hallucination
- Delusion and negative symptom
- Hallucination and negative symptom
Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
- Demonstrating agitation and anxiety
- Experiencing auditory hallucinations
- Exhibiting disorganized speech patterns
- Expressing a flat affect and social withdrawal (correct)
How does schizoaffective disorder differ from schizophrenia?
How does schizoaffective disorder differ from schizophrenia?
Which of the following activities primarily targets the improvement of social competence through the development of perspective-taking and communication skills?
Which of the following activities primarily targets the improvement of social competence through the development of perspective-taking and communication skills?
What is the primary characteristic of delusional disorder?
What is the primary characteristic of delusional disorder?
A first-generation antipsychotic medication primarily targets which neurotransmitter?
A first-generation antipsychotic medication primarily targets which neurotransmitter?
A patient is participating in a recreation therapy program and expresses a desire to increase their daily structure and independence. Which activity would be MOST suitable to address this goal?
A patient is participating in a recreation therapy program and expresses a desire to increase their daily structure and independence. Which activity would be MOST suitable to address this goal?
Weight gain is a common side effect of which class of medications?
Weight gain is a common side effect of which class of medications?
What is a primary consideration for recreation therapists when planning community outings for patients?
What is a primary consideration for recreation therapists when planning community outings for patients?
When might electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) be considered as a treatment option?
When might electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) be considered as a treatment option?
Which of the following is a potential cognitive benefit emphasized in therapeutic sport interventions?
Which of the following is a potential cognitive benefit emphasized in therapeutic sport interventions?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) targets which area of the brain?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) targets which area of the brain?
A recreation therapist is leading a 'Creative Expressions' session. What safety measure is MOST crucial during this activity?
A recreation therapist is leading a 'Creative Expressions' session. What safety measure is MOST crucial during this activity?
What is the primary focus of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating schizophrenia spectrum disorders?
What is the primary focus of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating schizophrenia spectrum disorders?
What is the PRIMARY purpose of community outings in the context of mental health recovery?
What is the PRIMARY purpose of community outings in the context of mental health recovery?
What is the MOST emphasized benefit of incorporating yoga into a therapeutic program for individuals with mental illness?
What is the MOST emphasized benefit of incorporating yoga into a therapeutic program for individuals with mental illness?
In the context of goal setting within psychiatric rehabilitation, what does the acronym 'SMART' emphasize?
In the context of goal setting within psychiatric rehabilitation, what does the acronym 'SMART' emphasize?
Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to directly address improvements in an individual’s interpersonal communication skills and social connections?
Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to directly address improvements in an individual’s interpersonal communication skills and social connections?
A patient consistently demonstrates difficulty in regulating their emotions during group therapy sessions. Which recreation therapy activity would MOST likely aid in improving their emotional regulation skills?
A patient consistently demonstrates difficulty in regulating their emotions during group therapy sessions. Which recreation therapy activity would MOST likely aid in improving their emotional regulation skills?
Which statement accurately reflects the prevalence of Schizophrenia worldwide?
Which statement accurately reflects the prevalence of Schizophrenia worldwide?
How does Schizophrenia primarily impact an individual's life?
How does Schizophrenia primarily impact an individual's life?
Which of the following is a common misconception about Schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a common misconception about Schizophrenia?
What is the approximate percentage of people with Schizophrenia who engage in violence?
What is the approximate percentage of people with Schizophrenia who engage in violence?
What statement regarding recovery from Schizophrenia is most accurate?
What statement regarding recovery from Schizophrenia is most accurate?
Which statement regarding Schizophrenia is the most accurate?
Which statement regarding Schizophrenia is the most accurate?
Which of the options best explains the relationship between Schizophrenia and aggression?
Which of the options best explains the relationship between Schizophrenia and aggression?
If a person is diagnosed with Schizophrenia, what would be the most appropriate initial step in their treatment plan?
If a person is diagnosed with Schizophrenia, what would be the most appropriate initial step in their treatment plan?
What role do therapeutic interventions play in the management of Schizophrenia?
What role do therapeutic interventions play in the management of Schizophrenia?
An individual is exhibiting symptoms like disorganized thinking and impaired social functioning. Which condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis?
An individual is exhibiting symptoms like disorganized thinking and impaired social functioning. Which condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis?
In forensic psychiatry, what is the primary goal regarding individuals found Not Criminally Responsible (NCR) or Unfit to Stand Trial (UFST)?
In forensic psychiatry, what is the primary goal regarding individuals found Not Criminally Responsible (NCR) or Unfit to Stand Trial (UFST)?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a barrier to a patient's engagement in recreation therapy?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a barrier to a patient's engagement in recreation therapy?
A recreation therapist is planning a community outing for patients. Which consideration is MOST important to minimize stigma?
A recreation therapist is planning a community outing for patients. Which consideration is MOST important to minimize stigma?
What is the BEST approach for a recreation therapist to address a patient's lack of motivation due to illness side effects?
What is the BEST approach for a recreation therapist to address a patient's lack of motivation due to illness side effects?
A patient in recreation therapy consistently reports drowsiness and fatigue due to medication side effects. What strategy should the therapist consider?
A patient in recreation therapy consistently reports drowsiness and fatigue due to medication side effects. What strategy should the therapist consider?
How can recreation therapists BEST address the barrier of 'lack of resources' for patients, such as financial difficulties or homelessness?
How can recreation therapists BEST address the barrier of 'lack of resources' for patients, such as financial difficulties or homelessness?
A patient struggles with social interactions and exhibits poor leisure skills. What intervention should a recreation therapist prioritize?
A patient struggles with social interactions and exhibits poor leisure skills. What intervention should a recreation therapist prioritize?
A patient has multiple therapeutic program commitments, school priorities, and family visits, hindering engagement in recreation therapy. What strategy should the recreation therapist employ?
A patient has multiple therapeutic program commitments, school priorities, and family visits, hindering engagement in recreation therapy. What strategy should the recreation therapist employ?
What is the primary purpose of conducting a PAR-Q (Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire) with patients before they participate in recreational activities?
What is the primary purpose of conducting a PAR-Q (Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire) with patients before they participate in recreational activities?
Which of the following recreation therapy interventions is MOST likely to improve a patient's sense of gratitude and well-being?
Which of the following recreation therapy interventions is MOST likely to improve a patient's sense of gratitude and well-being?
Flashcards
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
A complex mental illness affecting thought, feelings, and behavior.
Prevalence of Schizophrenia
Prevalence of Schizophrenia
Affects about 4% of the world's population.
Common Myths
Common Myths
Many believe schizophrenia means multiple personalities.
Reality of Schizophrenia
Reality of Schizophrenia
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Treatment Options
Treatment Options
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Cultural Impact
Cultural Impact
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Misconception about Recovery
Misconception about Recovery
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Aggression and Schizophrenia
Aggression and Schizophrenia
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Forensic Psychiatry
Forensic Psychiatry
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NCR
NCR
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Engagement Barriers
Engagement Barriers
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Illness Side Effects
Illness Side Effects
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Medication Side Effects
Medication Side Effects
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Stigma
Stigma
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Resource Limitations
Resource Limitations
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Skill Development
Skill Development
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Recreation Therapy Interventions
Recreation Therapy Interventions
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Take Home Considerations
Take Home Considerations
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Onset of Schizophrenia
Onset of Schizophrenia
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Positive Symptoms
Positive Symptoms
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Negative Symptoms
Negative Symptoms
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Psychosis
Psychosis
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Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
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Delusional Disorder
Delusional Disorder
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Antipsychotic Medications
Antipsychotic Medications
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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
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Benefits of Increased Movement
Benefits of Increased Movement
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Health Benefits of Yoga
Health Benefits of Yoga
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Therapeutic Sports Impact
Therapeutic Sports Impact
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Goal Setting in Recovery
Goal Setting in Recovery
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Creative Expressions Therapy
Creative Expressions Therapy
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Community Outings Purpose
Community Outings Purpose
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Yoga Frequency
Yoga Frequency
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Therapeutic Team Sports
Therapeutic Team Sports
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Importance of Relaxation
Importance of Relaxation
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Creative Therapy Methods
Creative Therapy Methods
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Study Notes
Schizophrenia
- A complex mental illness affecting thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and interactions with others
- Occurs in both men and women, slightly more common in men
- First episode typically occurs in late teens/early twenties, usually earlier in men than women
- Prevalence: 0.3% - 0.7% of the world's population
About Us
- Two speakers are presenting on Schizophrenia
- Both are Recreation Therapists at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton
- Speaker 1: Joined St. Joseph's in Sept 2021, now a graduate student (MA Applied Health Sciences at Brock U)
- Bachelor of TR from Brock U (2021)
- TR Diploma from Mohawk College (2019)
- Speaker 2: Joined St. Joseph's in Sept 2022
- Bachelor of TR from the University of Waterloo (2022)
Myths or Facts About Schizophrenia
- Myth: Schizophrenia affects every ethnicity, culture, and socioeconomic group.
- Fact: 0.3% - 0.7% of the world's population has schizophrenia.
- Myth: Schizophrenia means a person has multiple personalities.
- Fact: Schizophrenia is different from Dissociative Identity Disorder.
- Myth: Schizophrenia causes aggression.
- Fact: Less than 5% of people with schizophrenia engage in violence.
- Myth: People with schizophrenia can never recover from the condition.
- Fact: People with schizophrenia can recover with medication and therapy
What is Schizophrenia?
- A complex mental illness
- Affects how a person thinks, feels, behaves, and interacts with others
- Equally impacts men and women (though slightly more common in males)
- Typically develops in late teens/early 20s (usually earlier for men)
Causes and Risk Factors
- Genetics (60%-80%)
- Brain development during birth and childhood
- Trauma or life-altering events
- Substance use in youth
- Environmental factors (e.g., urban living)
- Parental nutrition issues during pregnancy
- Family history of schizophrenia
- Extremely stressful life events
- Low birth weight
- Psychoactive drug use during pregnancy
- Complications during birth
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Hallucinations (auditory, tactile, or visual)
- Delusions (false beliefs)
- Confused thoughts
- Disorganized speech
- Trouble concentrating
- Agitation
- Anxiety
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Lack of/inability to experience pleasure
- Trouble with speech
- Restricted or flat affect
- Withdrawal
- Struggling with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
- Decreased desire to socialize
- Lack of motivation
- Trouble sleeping
Functional Impairment
- Positive and negative symptoms, cognitive difficulties (IQ, working memory)
- Lead to decreased quality of life
Psychosis
- One symptom of schizophrenia
- Loss of touch with reality
- Symptoms include hallucinations and delusions
- Can be caused by mental health disorders, substance use, or other medical conditions (e.g. dementia, brain tumors)
- May include difficulties concentrating, withdrawal from others, and decline in hygiene
Psychosis vs. Schizophrenia
- Psychosis is possible in schizophrenia or other conditions
- Schizophrenia must continuously exhibit related symptoms
Other Spectrum Disorders
- Schizoaffective Disorder: Mixture of schizophrenia symptoms (hallucinations, delusions) and mood disorders (depression, mania).
- Bipolar or Depressive:
- Delusional Disorder: Fixed false beliefs (delusions) for more than one month; no hallucinations or other psychotic symptoms
Treatment Options
- Medication (often first)
- Antipsychotic medications
- Brain Stimulation Therapies - Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
- Psychosocial Therapies
- Psychoeducation
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBT-P)
Medications
- Antipsychotics (1st and 2nd generation): Reduce or relieve symptoms of psychosis (1st generation- block dopamine; 2nd generation-block dopamine and/or serotonin).
- Side Effects: Drowsiness, constipation, muscle stiffness/spasms, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, dry mouth
- Antidepressants: Alter the balance of brain chemicals.
- Side Effects: Jitteriness, dry mouth, nausea, appetite/weight changes, loss of interest, fatigue, anxiety, agitation, dizziness, constipation, blurry vision
Brain Stimulation Therapies
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Short electrical pulses, commonly a last resort.
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): Magnetic pulses to stimulate brain cells. Less invasive and non-surgical.
Psychosocial Therapies
- Psychoeducation, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBT-P).
Recreation Therapy for Schizophrenia
- Forensic Psychiatry (focus on law-related aspects of patient care)
- Considerations related to medications and barriers in patient care, such as
- Illness Side Effects & Side Effects of Medications
- Lack of Resources, Skills, and Competencies -Stigma.
- Evidence-based Recreation Therapy Programs
- Community Integration
- Program Consideration: Length of Programs, Program Variability, Physical Activity Clearance, Safety and Risk Considerations
Barriers to Engagement
- Illness side effects
- Medication side effects
- Stigma
- Lack of resources
- Lack of developed skills & competencies
- Other time commitments
Illness Side Effects
- Disorganized thinking
- Slow movement
- Rapid mood changes
- Lack of motivation
Medication Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Weight gain
- Constipation
- Muscle stiffness
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Dry mouth
- Irritability and agitation
Stigma
- Surrounding mental illness, such as the "dangerous" label
- Reduced acceptance from community members
- Stigma through social media
- Shame related to diagnosis/actions
Lack of Resources
- Financial issues (e.g., inability to work, relying on ODSP)
- Social relationship issues (lack of support from family/friends)
Lack of Developed Skills
- Social skills
- Leisure skills
- Physical skills
Other Time Commitments
- Other therapeutic programs (e.g., SATP, DBT, CBT-P, money management)
- School/work priorities
- Family visits
Take Home Considerations
- Length of Programs
- Time of Programs
- Physical Activity Clearance (PAR-Q)
- Safety & Risk Considerations
- Program Variability
Recreation Therapy Interventions
- Yoga
- Cricut
- Photovoice
- Team Sports
- How of Happiness
- Community Outings
- Pen to Paper
- Chair One Fitness
- Creative Expressions
- Goal Setting
- Armchair Travel
- Nintendo
- Board Games
- Cool Runnings
- Growing Gratitude
- Recording Studio
- Sober Leisure
- Additional therapies mentioned - e.g. cognitive therapy
Community Outings
- Aim to promote community reintegration
- Allow rebuilding family ties/social connection
- Access resources
- Develop vocational/leisure skills
- Targeted Goals: To promote inclusion & community integration, awareness & knowledge of resources, to assess rule adherence
Goal Setting
- Integral component of psychiatric rehabilitation
- Enhances motivation, adherence, self-efficacy
- Goals should be conscious & specific
- Offered 1x per week, typically on Mondays
- Encourage SMART goals, normalize setbacks, & support with finding solutions.
- Improve self-awareness and motivation
Creative Expressions
- Provide opportunity to express emotions and better understand oneself /
- Uses of art as a tool to evoking emotional vulnerability
Activity - Hearing Voices
- A presentation activity
Debrief
- Feedback sessions for participants - How do participants feel after the activity? - How was the activity in terms of completing tasks? - Participants felt distracted during task? - Difficulty in conversation during tasks? - Learnings from this experience?
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Description
Test your knowledge of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder. Questions cover symptoms, treatments, and therapeutic interventions, including antipsychotics and recreation therapy to improve social competence and independence.
