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What is the primary model explaining the development of schizophrenia?
What is the primary model explaining the development of schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
In terms of genetic predisposition, what percentage of the general population is likely to develop schizophrenia?
In terms of genetic predisposition, what percentage of the general population is likely to develop schizophrenia?
What does the Stanford-Binet IQ measure primarily assess?
What does the Stanford-Binet IQ measure primarily assess?
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Which of the following is a known factor that predicts better recovery outcomes in schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a known factor that predicts better recovery outcomes in schizophrenia?
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What type of test is the Binet-Simon Scale mainly classified as?
What type of test is the Binet-Simon Scale mainly classified as?
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Which symptom is characterized by a lack of motivation and initiative in schizophrenia?
Which symptom is characterized by a lack of motivation and initiative in schizophrenia?
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What does the IQ formula (mental age/chronological age) x 100 primarily evaluate?
What does the IQ formula (mental age/chronological age) x 100 primarily evaluate?
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Which two components make up the Wechsler intelligence scales?
Which two components make up the Wechsler intelligence scales?
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What type of validity assesses whether a test measures its intended concept?
What type of validity assesses whether a test measures its intended concept?
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According to Spearman's theory, which two types of intelligence are identified?
According to Spearman's theory, which two types of intelligence are identified?
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Which principle of persuasion is based on the expectation to return a favor?
Which principle of persuasion is based on the expectation to return a favor?
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What percentage of participants conformed to the majority at least once in Asch's conformity study?
What percentage of participants conformed to the majority at least once in Asch's conformity study?
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Which factor of intelligence focuses on problem-solving in new situations?
Which factor of intelligence focuses on problem-solving in new situations?
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What is the significance of authority in the context of compliance?
What is the significance of authority in the context of compliance?
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Which principle of compliance relies on the concept of being consistent with past actions?
Which principle of compliance relies on the concept of being consistent with past actions?
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What significant milestone occurs in speech production around 12 months?
What significant milestone occurs in speech production around 12 months?
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What do prosodic cues help infants recognize by 7-8 months of age?
What do prosodic cues help infants recognize by 7-8 months of age?
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Which stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development focuses on obedience and self-interest?
Which stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development focuses on obedience and self-interest?
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According to cognitive theories of moral development, which aspect becomes prominent as children grow older?
According to cognitive theories of moral development, which aspect becomes prominent as children grow older?
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What did Skinner theorize about language acquisition?
What did Skinner theorize about language acquisition?
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At what age do children typically start to use 50-75 words, although they may not fully understand the language context?
At what age do children typically start to use 50-75 words, although they may not fully understand the language context?
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What major change occurs regarding language learning during the second half of the first year of life?
What major change occurs regarding language learning during the second half of the first year of life?
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Which age marks a significant jump in vocabulary to around 1000 words for children?
Which age marks a significant jump in vocabulary to around 1000 words for children?
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What is a key aspect of the Universal Grammar theory proposed by Chomsky?
What is a key aspect of the Universal Grammar theory proposed by Chomsky?
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What concept explains why infants may lose the ability to detect sounds outside their native language by 30 months?
What concept explains why infants may lose the ability to detect sounds outside their native language by 30 months?
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Study Notes
Schizophrenia
- Diathesis stress model: A combination of genetic predisposition (diathesis) and environmental stressors (stress) leads to schizophrenia.
- Genetic vulnerability: Schizophrenia is more common in family members of those diagnosed, with the highest risk in identical twins.
- Environmental stressors: Examples include death in the family, social isolation, or drug use.
- Symptoms: Characterized by positive and negative symptoms.
- Positive symptoms: Include delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations (false sensory experiences).
- Negative symptoms: Include avolition (lack of motivation), alogia (poverty of speech).
- Treatment: Antipsychotic medications are more effective on positive symptoms. Psychological interventions are important.
- Prognosis: Early intervention and shorter durations of untreated psychosis are linked to better recovery.
Measurement and Intelligence
- IQ: A measure of intelligence relative to a standardized population, with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15.
- IQ Tests: Commonly used tests include the Stanford-Binet Scale and Wechsler tests (WISC for children, WAIS-IV for adults).
- Reliability: Refers to the consistency of test results over time (test-retest) or across different parts of the test (split-half).
- Validity: Refers to whether a test measures what it intends to measure (content, criterion, and construct).
- Types of Intelligence: General intelligence (g), crystallized intelligence (Gc), and fluid intelligence (Gf).
- Crystallized intelligence: Accumulated knowledge and skills, acquired through experience.
- Fluid intelligence: The ability to process information, solve new problems, and adapt to new situations.
Persuasion
- Cialdini's Six Principles of Compliance: Influence people's behavior by triggering automatic responses.
- Reciprocation: Expectation to return a favor.
- Consistency: Desire to be consistent with past behaviors and commitments.
- Social validation: Influence by perceiving what others think is correct or have done.
- Liking: More likely to be influenced by people we like.
- Scarcity: Perceived scarcity makes items or opportunities more desirable.
- Authority: Authority figures influence our willingness to comply.
Social Validation
- Asch's conformity study: Demonstrates the power of group pressure, even when the correct answer is obvious, 75% of participants conformed to the majority at least once.
Authority
- Milgram's obedience study: Illustrates the willingness of individuals to obey authority figures, even when it conflicts with their own moral principles.
Language Development
- Acquisition: Children acquire language naturally through exposure.
- Speech production: Follows a universal pattern, beginning with babbling then progressing to single words, phrases, then sentences.
- Speech Perception: Infants begin to detect prosodic cues (pitch, rhythm) and later learn to discriminate between sounds of their native language.
- Theories of Language Acquisition:
- Skinner: Language is learned through reinforcement.
- Chomsky: Language is innate with a universal grammar.
- Critical Period: There is a window for language acquisition, particularly during the first year of life, after which it becomes more difficult to learn a language fluently.
Moral Development
- Social Learning Theory: Children learn moral behavior from imitating adults.
- Bobo doll experiment: Demonstrates how children can learn aggressive behavior through observation.
- Cognitive Theories: Focus on the development of moral reasoning.
- Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development:
- Preconventional: Morality is externally controlled, based on obedience and self-interest.
- Conventional: Morality is based on social roles and expectations, following societal norms.
- Postconventional: Morality is based on personal principles and abstract ethical concepts.
Parenting Styles
- Influence children's moral development: They provide a framework for moral reasoning, ethical guidance, and emotional regulation.
Cultural Differences
- Vary in moral values and beliefs, influencing the development of morality.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to schizophrenia, including the diathesis-stress model, genetic vulnerabilities, and symptoms. Additionally, it touches on the measurement of intelligence through IQ and its implications in understanding cognitive function. Test your knowledge on these important mental health topics.
