Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which enzyme breaks down acetylcholine into choline and acetate or acetic acid?
Which enzyme breaks down acetylcholine into choline and acetate or acetic acid?
- Acetylcholine esterase (correct)
- Monoamine oxidase
- NMDA receptor
- Glutamate receptor
Which neurotransmitter is important for wakefulness?
Which neurotransmitter is important for wakefulness?
- Glutamate
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine (correct)
- Serotonin
Which neurotransmitter is made from tryptophan?
Which neurotransmitter is made from tryptophan?
- Glutamate
- Norepinephrine
- Dopamine
- Serotonin (correct)
Which type of receptors cause downstream slower effects by binding to G proteins?
Which type of receptors cause downstream slower effects by binding to G proteins?
Which neurotransmitter binds to receptors and opens sodium ion channels, creating an excitatory postsynaptic potential?
Which neurotransmitter binds to receptors and opens sodium ion channels, creating an excitatory postsynaptic potential?
Which neurotransmitters are thought to be involved in schizophrenia?
Which neurotransmitters are thought to be involved in schizophrenia?
What are the three categories of symptoms in schizophrenia?
What are the three categories of symptoms in schizophrenia?
Which disorders can be traced back to neurotransmitter dysfunction?
Which disorders can be traced back to neurotransmitter dysfunction?
What can result from repeated psychostimulant abuse?
What can result from repeated psychostimulant abuse?
How can different molecules act on neurons?
How can different molecules act on neurons?
Which area of the brain is associated with increased dopamine in schizophrenics?
Which area of the brain is associated with increased dopamine in schizophrenics?
Which symptoms in schizophrenia are caused by increased dopamine in the nucleus accumbens?
Which symptoms in schizophrenia are caused by increased dopamine in the nucleus accumbens?
Which symptoms in schizophrenia are caused by decreased dopamine in the prefrontal cortex?
Which symptoms in schizophrenia are caused by decreased dopamine in the prefrontal cortex?
Which type of antipsychotics primarily target increased dopamine in the nucleus accumbens?
Which type of antipsychotics primarily target increased dopamine in the nucleus accumbens?
Which pathway is important for non-voluntary movement and can be disrupted by blocking D1 and D2 receptors?
Which pathway is important for non-voluntary movement and can be disrupted by blocking D1 and D2 receptors?
Study Notes
Understanding Schizophrenia and Depression Medication
- Dopamine plays a crucial role in executive functions, motivation, and movement control.
- Schizophrenics have increased dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and decreased dopamine in the prefrontal cortex.
- Increased dopamine in the nucleus accumbens leads to positive symptoms in schizophrenia, while decreased dopamine in the prefrontal cortex causes negative and cognitive symptoms.
- Antipsychotics primarily target increased dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and are ineffective for negative and cognitive symptoms.
- First generation antipsychotics target mesolimbic dopamine, while second generation antipsychotics are more selective for D2 receptors.
- Chronic use of antipsychotics can result in irreversible movement disorders.
- Blocking D1 and D2 receptors can disrupt normal movement, and the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway is important for non-voluntary movement.
- First generation antipsychotics inhibit this pathway, leading to Parkinson's-like symptoms and involuntary movements.
- Second generation antipsychotics are more selective for D2 receptors, resulting in fewer extra parameter side effects.
- Antipsychotics that target D2 receptors are effective for reducing positive symptoms but do not help with negative and cognitive symptoms.
- First generation antipsychotics have cardiotoxicity and extra parameter side effects, while second generation antipsychotics have fewer extra parameter side effects but can still cause tardive dyskinesia.
- Decreased reward pathway dopamine interferes with reward processing and movement, and enhanced dopamine neurotransmitters at D2 receptors produce positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the medication used to treat schizophrenia and depression! Learn about the role of dopamine, the effectiveness of antipsychotics, and the potential side effects. Challenge yourself with questions on the different generations of antipsychotics and their impact on symptoms.
