Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which region has the highest prevalence of schistosomiasis?
Which region has the highest prevalence of schistosomiasis?
- The Middle East
- East Asia
- Sub-Saharan Africa (correct)
- South America
In which geographical region is S. japonicum NOT found?
In which geographical region is S. japonicum NOT found?
- The Southern and eastern islands of the Philippines
- Yangtze River Basin
- Mekong River Basin (correct)
- Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Which of the following is a known zoonotic reservoir for schistosomiasis in East Asia?
Which of the following is a known zoonotic reservoir for schistosomiasis in East Asia?
- Fish
- Snails
- Water Buffalo (correct)
- Humans
Where is S. guineensis primarily located?
Where is S. guineensis primarily located?
What is a key factor that limits schistosomiasis in urban areas?
What is a key factor that limits schistosomiasis in urban areas?
Which of the following is NOT a major species of schistosome that infects humans?
Which of the following is NOT a major species of schistosome that infects humans?
The infectious form of the schistosome parasite that emerges from snails is known as:
The infectious form of the schistosome parasite that emerges from snails is known as:
Which of the following best describes the geographical distribution of Schistosoma haematobium?
Which of the following best describes the geographical distribution of Schistosoma haematobium?
Which of the following Schistosome species is primarily considered a zoonotic species, rather than a human one?
Which of the following Schistosome species is primarily considered a zoonotic species, rather than a human one?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection?
Hybridization of schistosome species has been observed primarily due to:
Hybridization of schistosome species has been observed primarily due to:
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between S. haematobium and other schistosome species?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between S. haematobium and other schistosome species?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of schistosomiasis?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of schistosomiasis?
Flashcards
What is Schistosomiasis?
What is Schistosomiasis?
Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms called blood flukes. It is also known as bilharziasis, named after Theodor Bilharz who discovered the parasite in 1852.
How are people infected with Schistosomiasis?
How are people infected with Schistosomiasis?
These parasitic worms live in freshwater snails and infect people by penetrating the skin when in contact with contaminated water.
What are the major species of Schistosoma?
What are the major species of Schistosoma?
The major types of Schistosoma species causing human infection are S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum.
What are the typical effects of the three major Schistosoma species?
What are the typical effects of the three major Schistosoma species?
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What are the other less common Schistosoma species?
What are the other less common Schistosoma species?
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What is the common target for the minor Schistosoma species?
What is the common target for the minor Schistosoma species?
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Who are the typical hosts for the Schistosoma species?
Who are the typical hosts for the Schistosoma species?
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Can different Schistosoma species hybridize?
Can different Schistosoma species hybridize?
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Where is Schistosomiasis most prevalent?
Where is Schistosomiasis most prevalent?
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Where is S. mansoni found?
Where is S. mansoni found?
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Where is S. haematobium found?
Where is S. haematobium found?
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Where is S. japonicum found?
Where is S. japonicum found?
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Where are S. intercalatum and S. guineensis found?
Where are S. intercalatum and S. guineensis found?
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Study Notes
Schistosomiasis Overview
- Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes.
- The parasites reside in fresh water snails.
- Infection occurs when cercariae (infectious stage) penetrate human skin exposed to contaminated water.
- Seven schistosome species infect humans, three are major: S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum.
- S. mansoni and S. japonicum affect the intestines, while S. haematobium affects the genitourinary tract.
- Other species include S. mekongi, S. malayensis, S. intercalatum, and S. guineensis.
- Hybrid species, like S. haematobium hybrids with S. bovis or S. curassoni or S. mattheei, can be found in certain regions, altering epidemiological patterns.
Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis
- Schistosomiasis is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 200 million people infected globally.
- S. mansoni is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South America (especially Brazil), and some Caribbean islands.
- S. haematobium is found in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East (Tigris and Euphrates), and parts of the Arabian Peninsula.
- S. japonicum is located in the Yangtze River Basin of China, parts of the Philippines, and pockets of Indonesia.
- S. intercalatum and S. guineensis occur in limited foci in Central Africa.
- S. mekongi is found in the Mekong River Basin, and S. malayensis is located in peninsular Malaysia.
- Infection is usually found in rural areas due to the need for freshwater snail hosts.
- Wet rice cultivation in East Asia and parts of West Africa expose individuals to the parasites.
- Water buffalo act as vital zoonotic reservoirs in East Asia.
Schistosoma Species and Infection
- S. mansoni primarily infects humans and primates.
- S. japonicum, S. mekongi, and S. intercalatum are typically zoonotic, spreading among various mammals.
- Mixed infections, particularly of S. mansoni and S. haematobium, exist in some regions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the geographical distribution and factors related to schistosomiasis. This quiz covers prevalence rates, regions where specific species are found, and zoonotic reservoirs in East Asia. Challenge yourself and learn more about this important public health issue.
