15 Questions
What is the name of the parasite that causes a chronic cough with bloody sputum?
Paragonimus westermonti
What is the intermediate host for the Schistosoma parasite?
Snails
What is the name of the disease caused by the Schistosoma parasite?
Schistosomiasis
Where are the adult Schistosoma japonicum parasites typically found?
Superior mesenteric vein
What is the name of the medication used to treat the diseases mentioned?
Praziquantal
What is the term for the larvae of the Schistosoma parasite?
Miracidia
How are the Schistosoma parasites typically transmitted to humans?
Through undercooked crab meat
What is the characteristic of the eggs of the Schistosoma parasite?
Operculated
What is the primary mode of transmission of Schistosoma to humans?
Free living aquatic organism gaining entrance through the skin
What is the characteristic feature of Schistosoma mansoni eggs?
Large lateral spine on the side of the body
What is the intermediate host of Schistosoma?
Snails
What is the common symptom of Schistosomiasis in the bladder?
Hematuria
What is the drug of choice for treating Schistosomiasis?
Praziquantel
What is the characteristic feature of Schistosoma japonicum eggs?
Small spine or almost absent
What is the complication of Clonorchis sinensis infection?
Biliary track fibrosis
Study Notes
Schistosomiasis
- Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic worms called Schistosomes
Life Cycle
- Free living aquatic organisms penetrate human skin and enter the bloodstream
- They are carried to the liver, where they mature into adults
- Adult worms migrate to other organs, and their eggs are excreted in urine or feces
- Eggs hatch into miracidia, which penetrate snails (intermediate hosts)
- In snails, miracidia mature into cercariae, which penetrate human skin
Types of Schistosomes
- Schistosoma mansoni: large lateral spine on the side of the body of eggs
- Schistosoma japonicum: small spine or almost absent on eggs, mostly round
- Schistosoma haematobium: large terminal spine seen on stool O&P
Clinical Features
- Swimmer's Itch: larvae penetrate the skin
- Portal Hypertension (HTN) leading to GI distension and abdominal pain
- Liver and cirrhosis
- Jaundice
- Hematuria in bladder
- Risk of bladder cancer
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Praziquantel (pretzel) is the treatment for all three types
Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese Liver Fluke)
- Passed through uncooked fish, leading to biliary track fibrosis
- Causes biliary fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma
Paragonimus westermonti
- Causes chronic cough with bloody sputum
- Transmitted through undercooked crab meat containing larvae
- Operculated eggs on stool
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