Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following environments can be a source of thermophiles?
Which of the following environments can be a source of thermophiles?
- Desert sand
- Snowy mountains
- Tropical rainforests
- Lake sediments (correct)
What temperature is mentioned as suitable for the growth of thermophilic organisms in Crater Lake, White Island?
What temperature is mentioned as suitable for the growth of thermophilic organisms in Crater Lake, White Island?
- 50°C (correct)
- 100°C
- 25°C
- 10°C
What is a characteristic of the orange cyanobacteria found around the geyser at Tokaanu?
What is a characteristic of the orange cyanobacteria found around the geyser at Tokaanu?
- They appear only in deep water.
- They require acidic conditions to grow.
- They thrive in cooler temperatures.
- They flourish in the warmer splash zone. (correct)
What shape is primarily described in relation to the sinter at Opaheke?
What shape is primarily described in relation to the sinter at Opaheke?
Which source of thermophiles has a recorded temperature of 350°C?
Which source of thermophiles has a recorded temperature of 350°C?
Which group is classified as hyperthermophiles that oxidize H2 or reduced sulfur compounds?
Which group is classified as hyperthermophiles that oxidize H2 or reduced sulfur compounds?
Which type of organism is Thermatoga classified as?
Which type of organism is Thermatoga classified as?
Which organism is known for thriving in extremely acidic conditions?
Which organism is known for thriving in extremely acidic conditions?
Where can Thermophiles be found in unheated substrates?
Where can Thermophiles be found in unheated substrates?
Which temperature range is considered for substrates spontaneously heated?
Which temperature range is considered for substrates spontaneously heated?
What type of extremophiles are most kingdoms in Archae classified as?
What type of extremophiles are most kingdoms in Archae classified as?
What is the optimum temperature range for thermophilic microorganisms?
What is the optimum temperature range for thermophilic microorganisms?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a thermophilic microorganism?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a thermophilic microorganism?
Which of the following organisms is NOT associated with geothermal heating environments?
Which of the following organisms is NOT associated with geothermal heating environments?
How do hyperthermophiles survive at extremely high temperatures?
How do hyperthermophiles survive at extremely high temperatures?
Which region is known for having a wide range of thermophilic environments?
Which region is known for having a wide range of thermophilic environments?
The classification of organisms that grow optimally between 55°C and 80°C is known as?
The classification of organisms that grow optimally between 55°C and 80°C is known as?
Which of the following groups contains microorganisms that can be classified as thermophiles?
Which of the following groups contains microorganisms that can be classified as thermophiles?
What distinguishes extreme thermophiles from regular thermophiles?
What distinguishes extreme thermophiles from regular thermophiles?
Where are thermophilic microorganisms most commonly found?
Where are thermophilic microorganisms most commonly found?
What characteristic is primarily used to classify thermophilic microorganisms?
What characteristic is primarily used to classify thermophilic microorganisms?
Flashcards
Thermophiles
Thermophiles
Microorganisms that thrive at high temperatures, 45-80°C.
Psychrophilic
Psychrophilic
Microbes that grow at 0 to 20°C, optimal at 10°C.
Mesophilic
Mesophilic
Moderate-temperature-loving microbes, growing at 20 to 40°C, optimal around 37°C.
Extreme thermophiles
Extreme thermophiles
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Thermophile classification
Thermophile classification
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Substrate treatments
Substrate treatments
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Isolation techniques
Isolation techniques
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Role of thermophiles
Role of thermophiles
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Sungai Klah Hot Springs
Sungai Klah Hot Springs
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Hydrothermal Vents
Hydrothermal Vents
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Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria
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Opaheke Sinter
Opaheke Sinter
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Hottest Thermophile
Hottest Thermophile
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Kingdoms of Thermophiles
Kingdoms of Thermophiles
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Hyperthermophiles
Hyperthermophiles
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Sources of Thermophiles
Sources of Thermophiles
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Aquifex-Hydrogenobacter
Aquifex-Hydrogenobacter
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Thermus aquaticus
Thermus aquaticus
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Sulfolobus
Sulfolobus
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Geothermal Regions
Geothermal Regions
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: Physiology and Screening of Industrial Microorganisms
- Course Code: SCCG 3673
- Academic Year: 2024/2025
- Semester: 1
- Instructor: Dr. Praseetha Prabhakaran
- Email: [email protected]
- Location: T02, Level 4
Chapters
-
- Introduction
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- Microbial Growth Requirements
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- Methods of Isolating Pure Cultures
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- Screening of Anaerobic Microorganisms
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- Screening of Thermophilic Microorganisms
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- Screening of Alkalophilic Microorganisms
-
- Screening of Acidophilic Microorganisms
Learning Objectives
- Explain microbial classification based on temperature requirements
- Define psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic microbes
- Describe major groups of thermophilic microbes and their environmental locations
- Explain how thermophiles and hyperthermophiles survive at high temperatures
- Detail substrate treatments and isolation techniques for thermophiles
- Describe the industrial and environmental applications of thermophiles
Thermophiles
- Microorganisms capable of growth at high temperatures
- Optimal temperature range: 45°C to below 80°C
- Isolated from various prokaryotic groups (e.g., cyanobacteria, gram-negative aerobes, photosynthetic bacteria, spore formers, lactic acid bacteria, methane producers, sulfur oxidizers/sulfate reducers, mycoplasma, Actinomycetes, Pseudomonas)
Temperature Optimum for Thermophiles
- Thermophiles: Optimal temperature (Topt) ≥ 45°C
- Hyperthermophiles: Optimal temperature (Topt) ≥ 80°C
- Extreme thermophiles: Optimal temperature (Topt) ≥ 70°C
- Moderate thermophiles: Optimal temperature (Topt) 45-70°C
Classification of Thermophiles
- Psychrophilic: -10°C to 20°C (cold-loving)
- Psychrotrophs: 0°C to 30°C (opt 20°C)
- Mesophilic: 20°C to 40°C (moderate-temp-loving)
- Thermophiles: 55°C to 80°C (heat-loving)
- Extreme thermophiles/Hyperthermophiles: >80°C, often above 80°C
Sources of Thermophiles
- Hot springs and associated soils (near boiling point or above)
- Geothermally heated soil
- Submarine thermal vents
- Spontaneously heated substrate (60-70°C) (e.g., mushroom compost, municipal compost, sewage, composted sewage, bird's nests, power station effluent)
- Unheated substrate (50°C) (e.g., soil, peat, lake/river sediments, marine sediments, copper mine leach dumps, house dust, air, sugar)
- Oil wells, Suwa Hotspring (Japan), Green Dragon Spring (Yellowstone National Park), waterlogged soil, Crater Lake, White Island, Sinter, Opaheke, Tokaanu geyser(s).
Characteristics of Thermophilic Proteins
- More ion pairs
- Greater average hydrophobicity of interior residues
- More compact core containing disulfide bonds
- More hydrogen bonds
- Structurally tolerant and highly evolvable (compared to mesophilic proteins)
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