Scale-Out Architecture & Storage System

• In a scale-out expansion architecture:
• If the host's write IO belongs to the sending engine, it's a local write process
• If it doesn't belong to the sending engine, it's a non-local write process.
• Image data is considered non-structural data.
• A built-in storage system is directly connected to the host bus:
• Includes cache, memory for CPU operation, hard disk and optical drive
• It often has limited capacity and is difficult to expand.
• A red alarm indicator on a lithium battery module signifies a status fault, warranting module replacement.
• In ThinLUN mode:
• Extent is divided into finer-grained blocks called grains
• ThinLUN allocates space based on grain granularity with continuous internal LBA
• CRU is also named a user replaceable unit.
• FRU, also known as a field replaceable unit, is parts engineers can replace on site following instructions.
• A function of the transaction layer in the PCIe protocol:
• Accept read/write requests from the software layer
• Create a request encapsulation packet for the data link layer; this packet being a software layer data packet.
• In storage systems, the BBU module provides backup power during system external power failures.
• Huawei distributed storage can offer block, file, object, and big data storage services.
• Storage system performance indicators include IOPS, bandwidth, and latency.
• The "show" command can be used to check the power module, controller module, and BBU module.
• When expanding Huawei's storage system capacity, Scale-Out was chosen for its capacity expansion.
• IP Scale-Out has a lower entry threshold than PCle Scale-Out due to price.
• CIFS protocol is generally used by a Windows host to access file services on NAS without installing additional software.
• To access a Huawei storage device with a management IP of 192.168.0.11, enter https://192.168.0.11:8088 in the address bar to enter the DeviceManager.
• In Huawei RAID 2.0+, a Chunk is:
• A fixed-size physical space divided into several hard disk spaces in the storage pool
• It's also the basic composition unit of RAID.
• Huawei FusionCube is an IT infrastructure platform based on hyper-convergence architecture:
• Integrates computing, network, and storage resources
• Eliminates the need to configure additional storage, network, and resources separately.
• Deduplication is a data reduction technology:
• Reduces physical storage capacity by deleting redundant data blocks, addressing increasing data storage demands
• Volume is an internal management object of the storage system.
• LUN is a storage unit that can be mapped to the host for reading and writing. This is the external form of it.
• iSCSI encapsulates SCSI commands and block data in TCP and transmits them through the IP network.
• Huawei's backup solution design process:
• Capacity calculation
• Compatibility confirmation
• Strategy formulation
• Network design

SmartTier Configuration Process

• Start
• Check the License File (Required)
• Configure execution tasks
• Creating a file policy(Optional)
• Finish
• Note a file Policy is not necessary when the type is "automatic"
• Huawei OceanStor 9000 series distributed storage compute nodes:
• Taishan 2280 V2 S12A
• Taishan 5280 V2 C36A
• Quick maintenance process for checking core equipment storage status exists
• There's a flowchart of a system issue checking process for a system
• Process for upgrading controller software
• Smartkit device upgrade
• Main Interface
• Array Upgrade
• Upgrade policy device
• Huawei provides storage operation and maintenance tools:
• DeviceManager
• eService
• SmartKit
• eService cloud platform
• Disk Enclosure Icons and Description
• Disk enclosure ID:
• Disk enclosure positioning indicator
• Disk enclosure alarm indicator
• Disk enclosure power indicator
• Disk enclosure power indicator/power button
• Local read process under scale-out extension architecture:
• Read IO doesn't hit engine cache & read disk isn't local
• The host sends read IO to the local engine (engine 0)
• Engine 1 reads disk
• The disk being read is not local, so the alarm forwards IO to the engine where the disk is located (engine 1)
• Does not hit the cache of engine 0, so engine 0 needs to read the disk.
• Engine 1 returns data to Engine 0, and Engine 0 returns data to the host
• Indicator lights on the Huawei OceanStor Dorado V6 controller box have indicators 1, 2, 3, and 4 (from top)
• The figure shows a 2.5-inch safe disk with key components marked by numbers

Mechanical Hard Disk Components

• Label 1: Cylinder
• Label 2: Read/write head
• Label 3: Sector
• Label 4: Track
• number 5: Hard disk module warning/location indicator
• number 1: Hard disk module label
• number 7: Hard disk tray
• number 3: Safe plate logo
• number 8: hard disk
• number 6: Module operation indicator
• number 2: Hard disk module handle
• number 4: Tilt plate cross block buckle
• LZ77 example for compression techniques
• 0 represents: the offset in the window
• 3 represents the longest match length
• ILM (Information Lifecycle Management) data management stages

ILM Stages

• Data creation phase:
• Information must be easily accessible and can be shared across multiple business segments and business applications, providing maximum business value.
• Data protection stage:
• Data is generated from the terminal and saved to the storage device.
• Data access phase:
• Information lifecycle management will adopt data protection technologies according to the data level and application systems to ensure that all data types and information are protected
• Data migration phase:
• During IT equipment use, updates and replacements are required, needing the equipment data to be migrated to the new equipment
• Data archiving stage:
• Data archiving systems can support business operations, providing transaction decisions, deduplication and compression functions are used
• Data destruction phase
• A snapshot was created, then the data was modified, and a snapshot was restored, only the original data from the point of time the snapshot was taken will remain.
• Snapshot Function principle -A snapshot is consistent
• Its a copy of the source data
• Instant Generation and occupies less storage
• Components structure of a mechanical hard disk
• Three elements of a backup system
• BW (Backup Window)
• RPO (Recovery Point Objective)
• RTO (Recovery Time Objective)

Disk Enclosure Rear View Components

• Number 1: Onboard cascade port
• Number 2: Mini SAS HD cascade port
• Number 3: Serial port
• Number 4: Cascading Modules
• Number 5: Power Module
• Number 6: Onboard cascade port
• Number 7: Onboard cascade port
• Number 8: Onboard cascade port
• SmartTier divides storage media into tiers based on performance levels (high, performance, capacity):
• SSD hard drive: high performance layer
• SAS hard drives: performance layer
• NI-SAS hard drives: capacity tier
• SmartQoS and SmartMigration configuration processes require memorization of sequences due to exam variations
• SmartMigration implementation involves two stages:
• LUN information exchange
• Business data synchronization
• Front-end business/tenant network is used to connect distributed storage with the user network, tenant U is provided for resource applications.
• Backend storage network is used for internal interconnections for heartbeat , communication, components interraction.
• Manage the network by connecting maintenance networks and is used for complete business operations.
• Host sends a write I/O request
• write I/O operations and record them to the log
• The source LUN and the directory LUN return the data write I/O request result
• Whether to clear the log return the result of successful write I/O

CLI Command Assistance

• By pressing "Ctrl+A", you can automatically prompt the optional values of certain parameters when parameters
• By entering "?", you can query the basic CLI operation
• Exit the context
• You can turn pages in the context

Discusses local vs non-local write process in scale-out architecture. Covers built-in storage limitations and ThinLUN mode. Describes lithium battery module alarms, CRU/FRU, and PCIe transaction layer functions.