Infestations

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What is the most common symptom of scabies infestation?

Joint pain

Intense itching at night (correct)

Fever

Cough

How is scabies transmitted?

Transmission through contaminated water

Transmission through skin-to-skin contact (correct)

Transmission through mosquito bites

Airborne transmission

What is the characteristic feature of burrows in scabies infestation?

Linear palpable ridges with a black speck (correct)

Solid and smooth texture

Raised and itchy bumps

Circular shape

How does the immune system respond to scabies infestation?

By attacking the proteins in the mites, eggs, and feces Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical examination finding in patients with scabies?

Multiple excoriation marks due to scratching Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used for diagnosing scabies?

History taking and physical examination Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic presentation of scabies in babies and young children?

Erythematous cutaneous papules and nodules in the axillae and soles of the feet Signup and view all the answers

Why are classic burrows rarely seen in infants with scabies?

Infants with scabies present with multiple papules over the trunk Signup and view all the answers

How does crusted scabies differ from psoriasis and eczema?

Crusted scabies has very little erythema compared to psoriasis and eczema Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misdiagnosis for crusted scabies?

Psoriasis Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients with crusted scabies usually not complain of itching?

Their immune cells are not reacting against the mite proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is a management strategy for crusted scabies according to the text?

Topical therapy with detailed instructions on usage Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first-line treatment for head lice according to the text?

Permethrin 1–5% crème rinse Signup and view all the answers

How are lice commonly transmitted?

Head-to-head contact Signup and view all the answers

What can aid in detecting the presence of lice close to the scalp?

Fine-toothed combs Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most commonly affected by head lice according to the text?

Children Signup and view all the answers

What symptom may indicate the presence of head lice?

Mild itching Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition should individuals be treated for head lice according to the text?

Only when live lice are visible on the scalp Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct management for scabies treatment according to the text?

Applying Permethrin cream 5% overnight, two applications 7 days apart Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients pay particular attention to the web spaces and genital areas during scabies treatment?

To remove mites, eggs, and feces Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of Ivermectin for scabies treatment according to the text?

200 μg/kg Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients often conclude that mites are still active after scabies treatment?

Due to persistent itching Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of treating scabies repeatedly based on patient's belief of persistent mites?

Worsening of scabies infestation Signup and view all the answers

Which population should Ivermectin be avoided in during scabies treatment?

Children under 2 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between body lice and pubic lice?

Body lice live in the host's clothes, while pubic lice prefer sparser hair-bearing sites on the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management approach for body lice infestations?

Place clothing in a sealed plastic bag for 2 weeks and treat skin reactions with a topical antibiotic. Signup and view all the answers

Which human pathogen is transmitted by body lice?

Rickettsia Prowazekii Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking blood for culture and serology in suspected cases of louse-borne systemic disease?

To confirm the presence of the louse-borne systemic disease Signup and view all the answers

How are pubic lice typically spread?

Via close personal contact Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pubic lice from body lice based on their preferred sites of infestation?

Pubic lice infest only areas with sparse hair, while body lice live in clothing near the host's skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for head lice according to the text?

Permethrin 1–5% crème rinse Signup and view all the answers

What should individuals be treated for according to the text if live lice are not visible on the scalp?

Scabies Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom that may be present in individuals with head lice infestation?

Visible adult lice and nits (white empty egg cases) near the scalp Signup and view all the answers

Which topical agent is recommended for severe pruritus in individuals with lice infestation?

Crotamiton Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission of head lice according to the text?

Direct contact with an infected individual Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of crusted scabies that can lead to misdiagnosis?

Fine superficial scaling on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a common recommendation for aiding the detection of lice close to the scalp?

Using fine-toothed combs Signup and view all the answers

Why is crusted scabies commonly misdiagnosed as dry scaly skin rashes?

Fine superficial scaling Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic finding in babies and young children infested with scabies?

Erythematous nodules in the axillae Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes crusted scabies from psoriasis and eczema in terms of clinical presentation?

Presence of erythema Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients with crusted scabies typically not experience itching sensations?

Immunosuppression or elderly age Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to misdiagnosis of crusted scabies as dry scaly skin rashes like psoriasis?

Fine superficial scaling on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason patients should be warned about persistent itching after scabies treatment?

To avoid irritant dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for patients to apply lotion from the neck downwards during scabies treatment?

To ensure all areas are treated including genital areas Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option should be avoided in patients less than 15 kg and in pregnancy during scabies treatment?

Ivermectin Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Malathion lotion 0.5% as a second-line treatment for scabies?

It is applied differently from Permethrin cream 5% Signup and view all the answers

Why should towels, bedding, and underwear be washed during scabies treatment?

To prevent reinfestation from personal items Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of repeating scabies treatment after 7 days with two applications?

To prevent resistance to the treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which the female mite causes intense itching in a scabies infestation?

By secreting an enzyme that irritates nerve endings Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum duration of close personal contact required for transmission of scabies mites from an infected individual?

30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

How does the immune system initially respond to a scabies infestation?

By attacking proteins in the mites, eggs, and feces in the skin Signup and view all the answers

Which physical examination finding can aid in diagnosing scabies in a patient?

Widespread papular rash with excoriation marks Signup and view all the answers

Why are burrows clinically significant in a scabies infestation diagnosis?

They visually indicate the mites' position in the skin Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Hollis Scabies from Parsitic Scabies based on their affected areas?

Hollis Scabies spares the face in adults while Parsitic Scabies affects all age groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic skin manifestation seen in individuals infested with body lice?

Multiple linear excoriations Signup and view all the answers

Which human pathogen transmitted by body lice is responsible for trench fever and endocarditis?

Bartonella Quintana Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred site of infestation for pubic lice?

Pubic, axillary, and eyelash area Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for killing adult body lice and their eggs on clothing?

Sealing in a plastic bag for 2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may indicate a possible systemic louse-borne disease in an infested individual?

Fever or constitutional symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested treatment for skin reactions in body lice-infested individuals?

Moderately potent topical steroid plus topical antibiotic Signup and view all the answers