Infestations
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common symptom of scabies infestation?

  • Joint pain
  • Intense itching at night (correct)
  • Fever
  • Cough

How is scabies transmitted?

  • Transmission through contaminated water
  • Transmission through skin-to-skin contact (correct)
  • Transmission through mosquito bites
  • Airborne transmission

What is the characteristic feature of burrows in scabies infestation?

  • Linear palpable ridges with a black speck (correct)
  • Solid and smooth texture
  • Raised and itchy bumps
  • Circular shape

How does the immune system respond to scabies infestation?

<p>By attacking the proteins in the mites, eggs, and feces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical examination finding in patients with scabies?

<p>Multiple excoriation marks due to scratching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used for diagnosing scabies?

<p>History taking and physical examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic presentation of scabies in babies and young children?

<p>Erythematous cutaneous papules and nodules in the axillae and soles of the feet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are classic burrows rarely seen in infants with scabies?

<p>Infants with scabies present with multiple papules over the trunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does crusted scabies differ from psoriasis and eczema?

<p>Crusted scabies has very little erythema compared to psoriasis and eczema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misdiagnosis for crusted scabies?

<p>Psoriasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients with crusted scabies usually not complain of itching?

<p>Their immune cells are not reacting against the mite proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a management strategy for crusted scabies according to the text?

<p>Topical therapy with detailed instructions on usage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first-line treatment for head lice according to the text?

<p>Permethrin 1–5% crème rinse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are lice commonly transmitted?

<p>Head-to-head contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can aid in detecting the presence of lice close to the scalp?

<p>Fine-toothed combs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most commonly affected by head lice according to the text?

<p>Children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom may indicate the presence of head lice?

<p>Mild itching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition should individuals be treated for head lice according to the text?

<p>Only when live lice are visible on the scalp (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct management for scabies treatment according to the text?

<p>Applying Permethrin cream 5% overnight, two applications 7 days apart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients pay particular attention to the web spaces and genital areas during scabies treatment?

<p>To remove mites, eggs, and feces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of Ivermectin for scabies treatment according to the text?

<p>200 μg/kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients often conclude that mites are still active after scabies treatment?

<p>Due to persistent itching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of treating scabies repeatedly based on patient's belief of persistent mites?

<p>Worsening of scabies infestation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population should Ivermectin be avoided in during scabies treatment?

<p>Children under 2 years old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between body lice and pubic lice?

<p>Body lice live in the host's clothes, while pubic lice prefer sparser hair-bearing sites on the skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management approach for body lice infestations?

<p>Place clothing in a sealed plastic bag for 2 weeks and treat skin reactions with a topical antibiotic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human pathogen is transmitted by body lice?

<p>Rickettsia Prowazekii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking blood for culture and serology in suspected cases of louse-borne systemic disease?

<p>To confirm the presence of the louse-borne systemic disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are pubic lice typically spread?

<p>Via close personal contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pubic lice from body lice based on their preferred sites of infestation?

<p>Pubic lice infest only areas with sparse hair, while body lice live in clothing near the host's skin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for head lice according to the text?

<p>Permethrin 1–5% crème rinse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should individuals be treated for according to the text if live lice are not visible on the scalp?

<p>Scabies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom that may be present in individuals with head lice infestation?

<p>Visible adult lice and nits (white empty egg cases) near the scalp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which topical agent is recommended for severe pruritus in individuals with lice infestation?

<p>Crotamiton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission of head lice according to the text?

<p>Direct contact with an infected individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of crusted scabies that can lead to misdiagnosis?

<p>Fine superficial scaling on the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common recommendation for aiding the detection of lice close to the scalp?

<p>Using fine-toothed combs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is crusted scabies commonly misdiagnosed as dry scaly skin rashes?

<p>Fine superficial scaling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic finding in babies and young children infested with scabies?

<p>Erythematous nodules in the axillae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes crusted scabies from psoriasis and eczema in terms of clinical presentation?

<p>Presence of erythema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients with crusted scabies typically not experience itching sensations?

<p>Immunosuppression or elderly age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to misdiagnosis of crusted scabies as dry scaly skin rashes like psoriasis?

<p>Fine superficial scaling on the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason patients should be warned about persistent itching after scabies treatment?

<p>To avoid irritant dermatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for patients to apply lotion from the neck downwards during scabies treatment?

<p>To ensure all areas are treated including genital areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option should be avoided in patients less than 15 kg and in pregnancy during scabies treatment?

<p>Ivermectin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Malathion lotion 0.5% as a second-line treatment for scabies?

<p>It is applied differently from Permethrin cream 5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should towels, bedding, and underwear be washed during scabies treatment?

<p>To prevent reinfestation from personal items (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of repeating scabies treatment after 7 days with two applications?

<p>To prevent resistance to the treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which the female mite causes intense itching in a scabies infestation?

<p>By secreting an enzyme that irritates nerve endings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum duration of close personal contact required for transmission of scabies mites from an infected individual?

<p>30 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the immune system initially respond to a scabies infestation?

<p>By attacking proteins in the mites, eggs, and feces in the skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical examination finding can aid in diagnosing scabies in a patient?

<p>Widespread papular rash with excoriation marks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are burrows clinically significant in a scabies infestation diagnosis?

<p>They visually indicate the mites' position in the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Hollis Scabies from Parsitic Scabies based on their affected areas?

<p>Hollis Scabies spares the face in adults while Parsitic Scabies affects all age groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic skin manifestation seen in individuals infested with body lice?

<p>Multiple linear excoriations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human pathogen transmitted by body lice is responsible for trench fever and endocarditis?

<p>Bartonella Quintana (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred site of infestation for pubic lice?

<p>Pubic, axillary, and eyelash area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for killing adult body lice and their eggs on clothing?

<p>Sealing in a plastic bag for 2 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may indicate a possible systemic louse-borne disease in an infested individual?

<p>Fever or constitutional symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested treatment for skin reactions in body lice-infested individuals?

<p>Moderately potent topical steroid plus topical antibiotic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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