Hunter's Ed Quiz and Flashcards: Shotgun Safety Tips

Questions and Answers

List 4 of the 8 rules of survival that every hunter should follow.

Don't travel or hunt alone, 2) Don't panic if you become lost, 3) Plan outings to return to camp by dark, 4) Give a responsible person your hunting plan.

Hypothermia can be prevented by ____________. (Select one)

dressing properly

both a & b (correct)

staying dry

exposing yourself to the wind to dry out if wet

Heat exhaustion can be prevented by ____________ water.

drinking plenty of

Bleeding should be controlled by applying ____________ to the wound.

direct pressure Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a hunting companion breaks a leg & no medical help is readily available?

Splint the limb the way you found it without trying to straighten it. Signup and view all the answers

A primary objective of hunter education programs is to

produce knowledgeable, responsible, & involved hunters Signup and view all the answers

Name 3 hunting-related projects for which the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (Pittman-Robertson Act) provides funding.

selection, restoration, & improvement of wildlife habitat & for wildlife management research Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a source of hunter education funding?

State highway departments Signup and view all the answers

Name 3 behaviors of a responsible hunter.

courtesy, respect of others, respect of wildlife Signup and view all the answers

Which of these was not a reason for establishing hunting laws?

To limit the profits of sporting goods manufacturing Signup and view all the answers

According to Aldo Leopold, the 'father of wildlife management,' ethical behavior is

doing the right thing when no one else is watching -- even when the wrong thing is legal Signup and view all the answers

A responsible & ethical hunter would not

Waste meat & usable parts of the game harvested Signup and view all the answers

Responsible hunters _____________

Keep firearms out of sight when not hunting Signup and view all the answers

There are 5 distinct stages of development that most hunters will experience. The most responsible & ethical is the ___________ stage.

sportsman Signup and view all the answers

In the ________, success is determined by bagging the limit, which can cause hunters to take unsafe shots.

Limiting-out stage Signup and view all the answers

To bring respect to the sport of hunting, hunters can

support organizations dedicated to improving habitat & management efforts Signup and view all the answers

Wildlife conservation ensures that

renewable resources can replenish themselves indefinitely Signup and view all the answers

Wildlife preservation ______________

saves natural resources but with no consumptive use of them Signup and view all the answers

A habitat for wildlife must include ____________.

space, arrangement, food, cover & water Signup and view all the answers

The 'carrying capacity' of a wildlife area is the

number of animals a habitat can support all year long Signup and view all the answers

List 4 factors that can limit wildlife population.

<ol> <li>starvation, 2) pollution, 3) old age, 4) hunting</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Hunting is an effective wildlife conservation tool because

Both a & b Signup and view all the answers

By continuously monitoring the birth rate & death rate of various species & the condition of their habitat, wildlife managers _____________

know how to set up regulations & can determine if other management practices are needed to conserve wildlife species Signup and view all the answers

Trapping & relocating animals is an example of the ___________ wildlife management practice.

Artificial stocking Signup and view all the answers

Some species are protected by law from being hunted because

Their numbers are small Signup and view all the answers

It's critical that hunters are able to identify wildlife correctly so that they don't mistakenly ______________.

Harvest illegal game animals or non-game animals Signup and view all the answers

List 4 primary rules of firearm safety.

<ol> <li>Point muzzle in safe direction, 2) Treat every firearm with respect due a loaded rifle, 3) Be sure of target & what's in front/behind it, 4) Keep finger outside the trigger guard until ready to shoot</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

3 basic parts of a modern firearm are

Action, stock, & barrel Signup and view all the answers

The action of a firearm is made up of parts that __________.

load, unload, fire, & eject the cartridge or shotshell Signup and view all the answers

List 6 types of firearm actions.

<ol> <li>Bolt, 2) Lever, 3) Pump, 4) Semi-automatic, 5) Break/hinge, 6) Revolving</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

A safety is located around the receiver of the firearm & __________.

Is a device that blocks the action to prevent accidental firing Signup and view all the answers

The most accurate sight for a firearm is the _______________.

telescopic sight (scope) Signup and view all the answers

The design feature that causes a bullet to spiral, which increases accuracy & distance, is called ______________.

rifling Signup and view all the answers

When referring to firearms, 'caliber' is ___________.

Used to describe the size of a rifle bore & the size of cartridges designed for different bores Signup and view all the answers

_____________ is a measurement to the diameter of the bore & the size of the shotshell designed for that bore.

Gauge Signup and view all the answers

List the most common shotgun chokes.

<ol> <li>Cylinder, 2) Improved cylinder, 3) Modified, 4) Full</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Steel shot is __________.

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Different gauge shotshells shouldn't be mixed together because

a smaller gauge shotshell can slip past the chamber of a larger gauge gun & result in serious personal injury Signup and view all the answers

You should use only ammunition that exactly matches the caliber or gauge specifications marked on the ___________ of your firearm.

barrel Signup and view all the answers

The chemical compound in ammunition that ignites the gunpowder when struck by a firing pin is the

primer Signup and view all the answers

Knowing your firearm's range is critical -- it allows you to ___________.

Both a & c Signup and view all the answers

Firearms should be stored ________, in a _ location, separate from ______________.

unloaded, locked, ammunition Signup and view all the answers

Good marksmanship is __________.

Hitting your target accurately & consistently Signup and view all the answers

Sight alignment is

the process of lining up the rear & front sights Signup and view all the answers

To help you steady the rifle when you're ready to shoot, draw a deep breath & ______________.

release about half of the breath Signup and view all the answers

The proper technique for pulling the trigger when shooting a rifle is to ___________.

Squeeze the trigger slowly Signup and view all the answers

Of the 4 standard rifle-firing positions, the steadiest is the ___________ position.

prone Signup and view all the answers

All handguns should be fired at __________ length.

arm's Signup and view all the answers

If you are hunting small, fast, close birds, the best choke selection would be ___ or choke.

Modified Signup and view all the answers

When pattering a shotgun, the goal is to produce a pattern of pellets with even __ & a sufficient percentage of the _ within a 30-in circle.

density; load Signup and view all the answers

Which shotgun-shooting technique is best for a beginning hunter & is performed by pointing at a moving target, then moving past it & firing?

Swing-through Signup and view all the answers

A common error when hunting with a shotgun is

lowering the head & cheek to the stock of the shotgun Signup and view all the answers

It's critical that you know about the game you are hunting because

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

List the 4 basic characteristics used for basic animal identification.

<ol> <li>Distinctive markings, 2) Sounds, 3) Movement, 4) Group behavior</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Unlike still hunting, stalking involves __________.

Following signs left by the animal Signup and view all the answers

_________ is a hunting technique that involves a group of hunters who are spread out & move to push the game towards other hunters waiting at the end of the cover.

Driving Signup and view all the answers

A true sportsman not only strives to bring home the game he/she is seeking but also strives to ___________ the quarry.

inflict the minimal amount of suffering Signup and view all the answers

The most effective place to shoot an animal is the vital organs, which are

heart & lungs Signup and view all the answers

A ________ shot is the preferred shot for larger game animals, such as deer, elk, & bear.

Broadside Signup and view all the answers

When approaching a downed deer or other large animals, you should _______________.

pause above & behind the animal's head & watch the chest cavity for any movement Signup and view all the answers

Once you are sure your quarry is dead, you should immediately ________ it & then begin field dressing.

tag Signup and view all the answers

___________ would not contribute to meat spoiling.

Cold Signup and view all the answers

_____________ is the only type of powder that should be used in muzzleloaders.

Black powder Signup and view all the answers

An unsafe practice when using a muzzleloader is ______________.

loading directly from a horn, flask, or other container Signup and view all the answers

How many charges should you load in a muzzleloader at once?

one Signup and view all the answers

Name the 3 common bow types.

<ol> <li>Long bow, 2) Recurved bow, 3) Compound bow</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

_______________ arrowheads are used primarily for big game hunting.

Broadhead Signup and view all the answers

___________________ is the process of placing the arrow shaft on the bow's arrow rest & pulling the arrow back until the string snaps into the slot.

Nocking an arrow Signup and view all the answers

A good safety rule to follow when shooting a bow is

release an arrow only when the path to the target & beyond is clear Signup and view all the answers

To minimize the risk of a firearm incident in the home, you should never

store the firearm & ammunition together Signup and view all the answers

Name the 4 main causes of hunting incidents.

<ol> <li>Hunter judgement mistakes, 2) Safety rule violation, 3) Lack of control & practice, 4) Mechanical failure</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

If 3 hunters are walking side by side, the hunter in the center should keep the gun pointed or .

front; up Signup and view all the answers

If 3 hunters are walking in single file, it's acceptable for the hunter in the middle to use the __________.

Cradle carry Signup and view all the answers

If crossing a fence while hunting alone, you should ____________.

place the gun on the other side of the fence with the muzzle Signup and view all the answers

To load or unload a firearm safely, you should always __________.

Both a & c Signup and view all the answers

____________ is not a safe way to transport a firearm.

Loaded & in a gun rack in the rear window Signup and view all the answers

Hunters should be placed yards apart, & each should have a zone-of-fire of degrees in front.

25-40; 45 Signup and view all the answers

Consuming alcohol before or during a hunt does not ____________.

increase your chance of a successful hunt Signup and view all the answers

When hunting from a boat, it's best to always wear a ____________.

personal flotation device Signup and view all the answers

If you fall into cold water while hunting from a boat, you should try to ____________ the boat.

reboard Signup and view all the answers

An advantage of hunting from an elevated stand is that it ____________.

can make a hunter's scent harder to detect Signup and view all the answers

List 3 types of portable tree stands.

<ol> <li>Hang-on stands, 2) Climbing stands, 3) Ladder stands</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

____________ should be worn at all times while climbing a tree & when on a tree stand.

A full-body harness Signup and view all the answers

The essential component of a fall-arrest system are a full-body harness, a tether, & a suspension relief strap. Which is not an additional component that you would use to attach yourself to a tree?

Climbing aids Signup and view all the answers

To avoid suspension trauma, you should ______________.

use your suspension relief strap Signup and view all the answers

To get your firearm into an elevated stand safely, ____________.

haul up the unloaded firearm after you have secured yourself in the stand Signup and view all the answers

Which is a safety guideline for using an elevated stand?

Do not climb with anything in your hands or on your back Signup and view all the answers

There are 4 areas to address when preparing for a hunting trip: be ready, know your location, prepare for safety, & ____________.

tell others Signup and view all the answers

____________ would not be an essential part of a hunting plan that you would leave with a family member or friend.

The number of game you plan to harvest Signup and view all the answers

What color is the safest choice for clothing?

Daylight fluorescent orange Signup and view all the answers

If dressing for cold weather conditions, you should ____________.

Both a & c Signup and view all the answers

When laid on a map, a compass needle points to ____________.

true north Signup and view all the answers

List the 5 primary requirements of survival.

<ol> <li>Shelter, 2) Fire, 3) Signal, 4) Food, 5) Water</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

The international emergency signal for distress is ____________.

Any of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hunter Education Program Objectives

Aim to create knowledgeable and responsible hunters who are actively involved in hunting practices.

Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act

Provides funding for wildlife habitat selection, restoration, improvement, and management research.

Hunter Education Funding Sources

State highway departments do not contribute to hunter education funding.

Responsible Hunter Behaviors

Exhibits courtesy, respects others, and honors wildlife.

Establishing Hunting Laws

Intended to regulate hunting methods and set rules for game harvesting, not to control sporting goods profits.

Ethical Behavior in Wildlife Management

According to Aldo Leopold, ethical behavior is doing what’s right even without supervision, regardless of legality.

Ethical Hunter Actions

Responsible hunters avoid wasting meat and parts of the game they harvest.

Hunter Responsibilities

Keep firearms concealed when not hunting and respect all game laws and regulations.

Stages of Hunter Development

The sportsman stage represents the most responsible and ethical phase in a hunter’s development.

Hunting Stages

In the limiting-out stage, success is measured by reaching bag limits, potentially leading to unsafe shooting.

Supporting Hunting

Contributing to organizations that enhance wildlife habitat and management helps improve respect for the hunting sport.

Wildlife Conservation vs. Preservation

Conservation focuses on renewable resource management; preservation prohibits resource consumption.

Essential Wildlife Habitat Components

A viable habitat must provide space, arrangement, food, cover, and water.

Wildlife Population Limitations

Various factors such as starvation, pollution, old age, and hunting can restrict wildlife populations.

Hunting as Conservation

Hunting generates license funding for wildlife recovery and provides important field data to managers.

Wildlife Management Practices

Monitoring species' birth and death rates allows wildlife managers to regulate populations effectively.

Trapping vs. Management Practices

Trapping and relocating animals falls under artificial stocking wildlife management.

Legal Protections for Species

Some species are protected due to small population sizes.

Importance of Wildlife Identification

Accurate identification is critical to prevent harvesting illegal or non-game animals.

Firearm Safety Rules

Fundamental rules include pointing the muzzle safely, respecting all firearms, and ensuring target awareness.

Firearm Components

Modern firearms consist of the action, stock, and barrel.

Action of a Firearm

The action is responsible for loading, firing, and ejecting cartridges.

Types of Firearm Actions

Include bolt, lever, pump, semi-automatic, break/hinge, and revolving mechanisms.

Firearm Safety Mechanisms

A safety device blocks the action to prevent accidental discharge.

Accuracy in Firearms

Telescopic sights enhance shooting precision by allowing better targeting.

Bullet Trajectory Enhancement

Rifling is a design feature that imparts a spiral motion to bullets for improved accuracy.

Firearm Caliber

Caliber indicates the size of a rifle's bore and corresponding cartridge sizes.

Shotgun Gauge

Gauge measures bore diameter and is critical for selecting the appropriate shotshell.

Common Shotgun Chokes

Common chokes include cylinder, improved cylinder, modified, and full.

Steel Shot Characteristics

Steel shot is lighter, harder, and non-toxic, making it environmentally safer than lead.

Mixing Shotshell Gauges

Mixing different gauge shotshells is unsafe; smaller shells can cause injuries in larger chambered guns.

Correct Ammunition Usage

Always use ammunition matching the firearm's marked caliber or gauge.

Primer in Ammunition

Primer ignites gunpowder in cartridges, initiating the firing process.

Understanding Firearm Range

Knowing range helps determine safe shot placement and minimizes risk to others.

Storage of Firearms

Firearms should always be stored unloaded, locked, and separately from ammunition.

Marksmanship Proficiency

Good marksmanship is defined by consistent accuracy in hitting targets.

Sight Alignment

Proper sight alignment involves lining up rear and front sights for accurate shooting.

Respiratory Control while Shooting

Take a deep breath and release half before shooting to stabilize aim.

Trigger Pull Technique

A slow squeeze of the trigger ensures more precise shooting accuracy.

Steady Shooting Position

The prone position is recognized as the most stable shooting stance.

Optimal Shooting Distance for Handguns

Handguns should be fired from arm's length for safety and accuracy.

Shotgun Choke Selection

Improved cylinder or modified chokes are ideal for hunting fast, close birds.

Shot Patterning Goals

The goal of patterning is to achieve even pellet density within a defined target area.

Safe Shotgun Techniques for Beginners

Swing-through shooting technique is recommended for new hunters aiming at moving targets.

Common Shotgun Errors

Lowering the head on the stock can diminish sight and shooting control.

Game Knowledge Importance

Understanding the game being hunted increases success rates and ensures compliance with regulations.

Animal Identification Traits

Basic characteristics include distinctive markings, sounds, movement, and group behavior.

Stalking vs. Still Hunting

Stalking involves following animal signs, while still hunting emphasizes remaining stationary.

Driving Technique in Hunting

Driving entails a coordinated group push to direct game towards stationary hunters.

Minimizing Quarry Suffering

Sportsmanship includes aiming to minimize the suffering of hunted animals.

Vital Organ Shots

The most effective shots target the heart and lungs for quick, humane kills.

Preferred Shot for Large Game

A broadside shot is ideal for larger animals such as deer and bear.

Approaching Downed Game

Pause behind the animal while observing for movement before approach.

Tagging Game

Legally tag harvested game immediately before field dressing begins.

Factors Preventing Meat Spoiling

Colder temperatures inhibit spoilage, while heat, moisture, and dirt promote it.

Muzzleloader Usage

Only black powder should be used in muzzleloaders to ensure safety.

Unsafe Muzzleloader Practices

Avoid loading directly from any container to prevent possible explosions.

Muzzleloader Loading Guidelines

Only load one charge at a time to maintain safe operation.

Common Bow Types

Types include long bows, recurve bows, and compound bows.

Big Game Arrowheads

Broadhead arrowheads are specifically designed for hunting big game.

Nocking an Arrow

Nocking involves properly placing the arrow on the bow's rest and drawing it back.

Bow Shooting Safety Rule

Ensure the target path is clear before releasing an arrow to prevent accidents.

Home Firearm Safety

Firearms and ammunition should never be stored together to reduce risk.

Causes of Hunting Incidents

Common causes include judgment errors, safety violations, lack of control, and mechanical failures.

Gun Positioning when Walking

In a group, the center hunter should aim the firearm safely forward or upward.

Safe Firearm Transport

Firearms should always be unloaded and not carried loaded in vulnerable positions, like in a gun rack.

Hunter Spacing and Safety

Maintain a distance of 25-40 yards between hunters, with a 45-degree zone-of-fire.

Alcohol and Hunting

Consuming alcohol does not enhance hunting success and should be avoided.

Boating Safety Gear

Always wear a personal flotation device when hunting from a boat.

Cold Water Drowning Safety

Reboarding the boat is essential if someone falls into cold water while hunting.

Elevated Stand Advantages

Elevated positions help obscure a hunter's scent from animals.

Types of Portable Tree Stands

Include hang-on, climbing, and ladder stands.

Fall-Arrest Systems

Essential components include a full-body harness, tether, and suspension relief strap.

Avoiding Suspension Trauma

Use a suspension relief strap for safety in elevated positions.

Firearm Handling in Elevated Stands

Safely pull up the unloaded firearm after securing yourself in the stand.

Climbing with Empty Hands

Do not carry gear while climbing to minimize fall risks.

Hunting Trip Preparation

Essential areas to prepare include readiness, location awareness, safety preparations, and informing others.

Hunting Plan Essentials

A hunting plan shared with a responsible person should not include the number of animals targeted.

Safety Clothing Color

Daylight fluorescent orange is the safest clothing choice for visibility.

Cold Weather Dressing

Layered clothing is key for warmth; avoid cotton when wet; opt for wool.

A compass needle always points to true north when used correctly.

Survival Requirements

Basic survival needs include shelter, fire, signaling ability, food, and water.

Emergency Distress Signaling

Three evenly spaced fires, shots, or whistle blasts signal distress internationally.

Survival Guidelines for Hunters

Recommendations include avoiding solo hunting, remaining calm when lost, planning outings, and communicating hunting plans.

Preventing Hypothermia

Staying dry and dressing appropriately are critical to preventing hypothermia.

Managing Heat Exhaustion

Hydration is essential to prevent heat exhaustion while hunting.

Controlling Bleeding

Apply direct pressure to wounds to control bleeding effectively.

Addressing Limb Injuries

Splint a broken limb in its current position without attempting to straighten it.

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Test your knowledge on hunter education with these flashcards. Covering topics such as the objectives of hunter education and key projects funded by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act. Perfect for aspiring hunters looking to understand their responsibilities and conservation efforts.

SC Hunter's Ed Flashcards

Questions and Answers

List 4 of the 8 rules of survival that every hunter should follow.

Hypothermia can be prevented by ____________. (Select one)

Heat exhaustion can be prevented by ____________ water.

Bleeding should be controlled by applying ____________ to the wound.

What should you do if a hunting companion breaks a leg & no medical help is readily available?

A primary objective of hunter education programs is to

Name 3 hunting-related projects for which the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (Pittman-Robertson Act) provides funding.

Which of these is NOT a source of hunter education funding?

Name 3 behaviors of a responsible hunter.

Which of these was not a reason for establishing hunting laws?

According to Aldo Leopold, the 'father of wildlife management,' ethical behavior is

A responsible & ethical hunter would not

Responsible hunters _____________

There are 5 distinct stages of development that most hunters will experience. The most responsible & ethical is the ___________ stage.

In the ________, success is determined by bagging the limit, which can cause hunters to take unsafe shots.

To bring respect to the sport of hunting, hunters can

Wildlife conservation ensures that

Wildlife preservation ______________

A habitat for wildlife must include ____________.

The 'carrying capacity' of a wildlife area is the

List 4 factors that can limit wildlife population.

Hunting is an effective wildlife conservation tool because

By continuously monitoring the birth rate & death rate of various species & the condition of their habitat, wildlife managers _____________

Trapping & relocating animals is an example of the ___________ wildlife management practice.

Some species are protected by law from being hunted because

It's critical that hunters are able to identify wildlife correctly so that they don't mistakenly ______________.

List 4 primary rules of firearm safety.

3 basic parts of a modern firearm are

The action of a firearm is made up of parts that __________.

List 6 types of firearm actions.

A safety is located around the receiver of the firearm & __________.

The most accurate sight for a firearm is the _______________.

The design feature that causes a bullet to spiral, which increases accuracy & distance, is called ______________.

When referring to firearms, 'caliber' is ___________.

_____________ is a measurement to the diameter of the bore & the size of the shotshell designed for that bore.

List the most common shotgun chokes.

Steel shot is __________.

Different gauge shotshells shouldn't be mixed together because

You should use only ammunition that exactly matches the caliber or gauge specifications marked on the ___________ of your firearm.

The chemical compound in ammunition that ignites the gunpowder when struck by a firing pin is the

Knowing your firearm's range is critical -- it allows you to ___________.

Firearms should be stored ______________, in a ___________ location, separate from __________________.

Good marksmanship is __________.

Sight alignment is

To help you steady the rifle when you're ready to shoot, draw a deep breath & ______________.

The proper technique for pulling the trigger when shooting a rifle is to ___________.

Of the 4 standard rifle-firing positions, the steadiest is the ___________ position.

All handguns should be fired at __________ length.

If you are hunting small, fast, close birds, the best choke selection would be ___________ or ________ choke.

When pattering a shotgun, the goal is to produce a pattern of pellets with even ________ & a sufficient percentage of the _______ within a 30-in circle.

Which shotgun-shooting technique is best for a beginning hunter & is performed by pointing at a moving target, then moving past it & firing?

A common error when hunting with a shotgun is

It's critical that you know about the game you are hunting because

List the 4 basic characteristics used for basic animal identification.

Unlike still hunting, stalking involves __________.

_________ is a hunting technique that involves a group of hunters who are spread out & move to push the game towards other hunters waiting at the end of the cover.

A true sportsman not only strives to bring home the game he/she is seeking but also strives to ___________ the quarry.

The most effective place to shoot an animal is the vital organs, which are

A ________ shot is the preferred shot for larger game animals, such as deer, elk, & bear.

When approaching a downed deer or other large animals, you should _______________.

Once you are sure your quarry is dead, you should immediately ________ it & then begin field dressing.

___________ would not contribute to meat spoiling.

_____________ is the only type of powder that should be used in muzzleloaders.

An unsafe practice when using a muzzleloader is ______________.

How many charges should you load in a muzzleloader at once?

Name the 3 common bow types.

_______________ arrowheads are used primarily for big game hunting.

___________________ is the process of placing the arrow shaft on the bow's arrow rest & pulling the arrow back until the string snaps into the slot.

A good safety rule to follow when shooting a bow is

To minimize the risk of a firearm incident in the home, you should never

Name the 4 main causes of hunting incidents.

If 3 hunters are walking side by side, the hunter in the center should keep the gun pointed __________ or __________.

If 3 hunters are walking in single file, it's acceptable for the hunter in the middle to use the __________.

If crossing a fence while hunting alone, you should ____________.

To load or unload a firearm safely, you should always __________.

____________ is not a safe way to transport a firearm.

Hunters should be placed ____________ yards apart, & each should have a zone-of-fire of ____________ degrees in front.

Consuming alcohol before or during a hunt does not ____________.

Firearms should be stored ________, in a _ location, separate from ______________.

If you are hunting small, fast, close birds, the best choke selection would be ___ or choke.

When pattering a shotgun, the goal is to produce a pattern of pellets with even __ & a sufficient percentage of the _ within a 30-in circle.

If 3 hunters are walking side by side, the hunter in the center should keep the gun pointed or .

Hunters should be placed yards apart, & each should have a zone-of-fire of degrees in front.