60 Questions
Which base pairs are considered standard complementary base pairs in DNA?
A-T; G-C
What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?
Proofreading
What is the consequence of base mismatch during DNA replication?
DNA elongation is blocked
What is the most common type of spontaneous DNA damage?
Depurination
What is the consequence of deamination of cytosine in DNA?
Cytosine changes to uracil
What type of mutation is caused by depurinated adenine during DNA replication?
Deletion
Which type of mutation involves the exchange between purines and pyrimidines in DNA?
Transversions
Which process is responsible for the duplication of DNA?
DNA replication
What is the term used to describe the replication of DNA where each parental strand serves as a template for a daughter strand?
Semi-conservative replication
What is the main objective of DNA repair?
To prevent mutations
What percentage of mutations accumulate as permanent mutations in the human DNA genome?
Less than 0.02%
Which human diseases are linked to defects in DNA repair?
Breast and ovarian cancer
What is the term used to describe the process by which DNA is repaired and exchanged between two DNA molecules?
DNA recombination
What is the term used to describe the process of proofreading during DNA replication?
DNA proofreading
Which repair pathway is responsible for correcting mismatched bases in DNA?
Strand-directed mismatch repair
Which repair pathway is commonly used to replace chemically modified bases in DNA?
Base excision repair
Which repair pathway recognizes general distortions caused by bulky chemical adducts in DNA?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which repair pathway is responsible for repairing DNA damage induced by UV light in E. coli?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which repair pathway is involved in repairing the cell's most crucial DNA and is coupled to transcription?
Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair
Which repair pathway is defective in individuals with Cockayne syndrome?
Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair
Which repair pathway is commonly used to repair DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents and radiation?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which one of these is a symptom of Xeroderma Pigmentosum?
Severe sensitivity to sunlight
Which DNA repair mechanism is defective in Xeroderma Pigmentosum?
Nucleotide excision repair
What happens if a cell's DNA suffers heavy damage and regular DNA repair mechanisms cannot work?
The cell will die
Which DNA repair mechanism is the most efficient?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which DNA repair mechanism doesn't require a template for repair?
Direct repair
Which DNA repair mechanism is only used for repairing single base mutations?
Base excision repair
Which two DNA repair mechanisms are commonly used?
Mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair
Which DNA repair mechanism is the least commonly used?
Direct repair
Which DNA repair mechanism uses DNA glycosylase?
Base excision repair
Which process is responsible for the duplication of DNA?
DNA replication
Which repair pathway is commonly used to repair DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents and radiation?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which human diseases are linked to defects in DNA repair?
Breast and ovarian cancer
What is the term used to describe the replication of DNA where each parental strand serves as a template for a daughter strand?
Semi-conservative replication
What is the consequence of base mismatch during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase stalling
Which repair pathway is responsible for correcting mismatched bases in DNA?
Mismatch repair
What is the main objective of DNA repair?
To maintain genetic stability
Which enzyme performs the first proofreading step during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
Which type of mutation involves the exchange between purines and pyrimidines in DNA?
Transversions
Which type of DNA damage occurs when purine bases (adenine and guanine) are lost?
Depurination
Which repair pathway is responsible for repairing DNA damage induced by UV light?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which repair pathway is commonly used to replace chemically modified bases in DNA?
Base excision repair
Which repair pathway is involved in repairing the cell's most crucial DNA and is coupled to transcription?
Transcription-coupled repair
Which process is responsible for the duplication of DNA?
DNA replication
Which repair pathway is responsible for correcting mismatched bases in DNA?
Strand-directed mismatch repair
What is the consequence of deamination of cytosine in DNA?
Formation of uracil
Which repair pathway is commonly used to replace chemically modified bases in DNA?
Base excision repair
Which repair pathway is responsible for repairing DNA damage induced by UV light in E. coli?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which repair pathway is involved in repairing the cell's most crucial DNA and is coupled to transcription?
Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair
Which human diseases are linked to defects in DNA repair?
All of the above
What is the main objective of DNA repair?
To prevent mutations
Which one of these is the most efficient DNA repair mechanism?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which DNA repair mechanism doesn't need a template for repair?
Base excision repair
Which DNA repair mechanism is only used for repairing single base mutation?
Mismatch repair
Which two DNA repair mechanisms are commonly used?
Base excision repair and Nucleotide excision repair
Which DNA repair mechanism is the least commonly used?
DNA polymerase
Which repair pathway is commonly used to repair DNA damage induced by UV light?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which human disease is linked to defects in Nucleotide excision repair?
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
What is the consequence of deamination of cytosine in DNA?
Formation of uracil
What happens if a cell's DNA suffers heavy damage and regular DNA repair mechanisms cannot work?
The cell will activate translesion polymerases
Test your knowledge on DNA damage removal pathways and repair systems in cells. Explore the various enzymes and mechanisms involved in repairing lesions and mutations. Learn about the first line of defense, DNA polymerase proofreading, and its role in maintaining DNA integrity.
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