Types of Mutation, DNA Repair and Recombination II
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Questions and Answers

Which base pairs are considered standard complementary base pairs in DNA?

  • G-T; C-A
  • A-T; G-C (correct)
  • A-G; T-C
  • C-G; T-A

    • What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

  • DNA repair
  • Translation
  • Proofreading (correct)
  • Transcription

    • What is the consequence of base mismatch during DNA replication?

  • DNA replication is paused
  • DNA polymerase is inactivated
  • DNA elongation is blocked (correct)
  • DNA repair is initiated

    • What is the most common type of spontaneous DNA damage?

    <p>Depurination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of deamination of cytosine in DNA?

    <p>Cytosine changes to uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation is caused by depurinated adenine during DNA replication?

    <p>Deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation involves the exchange between purines and pyrimidines in DNA?

    <p>Transversions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the duplication of DNA?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the replication of DNA where each parental strand serves as a template for a daughter strand?

    <p>Semi-conservative replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of DNA repair?

    <p>To prevent mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of mutations accumulate as permanent mutations in the human DNA genome?

    <p>Less than 0.02%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human diseases are linked to defects in DNA repair?

    <p>Breast and ovarian cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process by which DNA is repaired and exchanged between two DNA molecules?

    <p>DNA recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of proofreading during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA proofreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is responsible for correcting mismatched bases in DNA?

    <p>Strand-directed mismatch repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is commonly used to replace chemically modified bases in DNA?

    <p>Base excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway recognizes general distortions caused by bulky chemical adducts in DNA?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is responsible for repairing DNA damage induced by UV light in E. coli?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is involved in repairing the cell's most crucial DNA and is coupled to transcription?

    <p>Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is defective in individuals with Cockayne syndrome?

    <p>Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is commonly used to repair DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents and radiation?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a symptom of Xeroderma Pigmentosum?

    <p>Severe sensitivity to sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is defective in Xeroderma Pigmentosum?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a cell's DNA suffers heavy damage and regular DNA repair mechanisms cannot work?

    <p>The cell will die</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is the most efficient?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism doesn't require a template for repair?

    <p>Direct repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is only used for repairing single base mutations?

    <p>Base excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two DNA repair mechanisms are commonly used?

    <p>Mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is the least commonly used?

    <p>Direct repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism uses DNA glycosylase?

    <p>Base excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the duplication of DNA?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is commonly used to repair DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents and radiation?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human diseases are linked to defects in DNA repair?

    <p>Breast and ovarian cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the replication of DNA where each parental strand serves as a template for a daughter strand?

    <p>Semi-conservative replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of base mismatch during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase stalling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is responsible for correcting mismatched bases in DNA?

    <p>Mismatch repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of DNA repair?

    <p>To maintain genetic stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme performs the first proofreading step during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation involves the exchange between purines and pyrimidines in DNA?

    <p>Transversions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA damage occurs when purine bases (adenine and guanine) are lost?

    <p>Depurination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is responsible for repairing DNA damage induced by UV light?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is commonly used to replace chemically modified bases in DNA?

    <p>Base excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is involved in repairing the cell's most crucial DNA and is coupled to transcription?

    <p>Transcription-coupled repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the duplication of DNA?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is responsible for correcting mismatched bases in DNA?

    <p>Strand-directed mismatch repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of deamination of cytosine in DNA?

    <p>Formation of uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is commonly used to replace chemically modified bases in DNA?

    <p>Base excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is responsible for repairing DNA damage induced by UV light in E. coli?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is involved in repairing the cell's most crucial DNA and is coupled to transcription?

    <p>Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human diseases are linked to defects in DNA repair?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of DNA repair?

    <p>To prevent mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the most efficient DNA repair mechanism?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism doesn't need a template for repair?

    <p>Base excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is only used for repairing single base mutation?

    <p>Mismatch repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two DNA repair mechanisms are commonly used?

    <p>Base excision repair and Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA repair mechanism is the least commonly used?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which repair pathway is commonly used to repair DNA damage induced by UV light?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human disease is linked to defects in Nucleotide excision repair?

    <p>Xeroderma Pigmentosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of deamination of cytosine in DNA?

    <p>Formation of uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a cell's DNA suffers heavy damage and regular DNA repair mechanisms cannot work?

    <p>The cell will activate translesion polymerases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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