DNA Structure and Replication Quiz

2

Proteins are tagged with sulfur but no phosphate.

DNA is tagged with phosphate but no sulfur.

<p>semi-conservative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semi-conservative replication ensures that each new DNA molecule inherits one parental strand, preserving genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotides contain three phosphate groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>many</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primer is a short RNA sequence that provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to add new nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For the DNA sequence 3’AATTGCA5’, the corresponding RNA primer is 5’UUAACGU3’.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA by adding nucleotides to an existing strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase has a proofreading function that can detect and correct errors during DNA synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If DNA polymerase incorporates an incorrect nucleotide, it creates a mismatched base pair that protrudes from the DNA helix, producing a 'bump' that is recognized by DNA polymerase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primase synthesizes short RNA primers that provide starting points for DNA polymerase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primer is made of RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together, creating a continuous DNA strand on the lagging strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNA helix, separating the two strands to provide access for DNA polymerase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SSBPs bind to the separated DNA strands to prevent them from re-annealing, keeping them accessible for replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topoisomerase relieves the torsional stress caused by the unwinding of the DNA helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The replisome is a complex of enzymes involved in DNA replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sliding clamp holds DNA polymerase to the DNA template, preventing it from detaching during synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telomerase adds repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes, preventing the loss of genetic information during replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telomere length shortens with age because telomerase activity declines, leading to the gradual shortening of telomeres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV radiation can cause the formation of thymine dimers, which distort the DNA structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotide excision repair is a process that removes damaged or incorrect nucleotides from DNA, replacing them with healthy ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotes have one RNA polymerase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unlike DNA synthesis, which involves unwinding the entire DNA molecule, RNA synthesis only unwinds a small section of DNA, exposing the template strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different types of RNA have specialized roles in protein synthesis: mRNA carries the genetic code for protein, tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome, and rRNA is a component of ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis occurs at ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A codon consists of three bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three bases are necessary to code for 20 amino acids, considering that we have four different bases (A, T, C, G) and need a minimum of 20 codons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A deletion mutation involves the removal of one or more nucleotides from a DNA sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide within a DNA sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A missense mutation alters a codon, leading to a change in the amino acid sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A frameshift mutation shifts the reading frame of a gene, altering the sequence of amino acids from the point of mutation onward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AUG serves as the start codon for translation, initiating the process of protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The promoter is a DNA sequence that signals the start of transcription, while the terminator marks the end of transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frameshift mutations shift the reading frame, altering the amino acid sequence from the point of mutation onward. Codon deletions only affect the affected codon and the following amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The TATTA box is located within the promoter region of genes. It is a crucial element for the binding of transcription factors. These factors initiate transcription, regulating gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes, but they are separated in eukaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary transcript contains both introns and exons. During RNA processing, introns are removed, leaving only exons in the mature mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA processing involves splicing, 5' capping, and 3’ poly-A tail addition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spliceosome is a complex of proteins and RNA that removes introns from the primary transcript during RNA splicing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching their corresponding codons on the mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three sites in the ribosome are the E site (exit), the P site (peptidyl), and the A site (aminoacyl).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The translation process includes initiation, elongation, and termination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-translational modifications include protein folding by chaperones and modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation.</p> Signup and view all the answers