Sarcomere Structure and Sliding Interaction Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Purkinje fibres in the heart?

  • Producing adhesion between cardiac muscle cells
  • Initiating muscle contractions
  • Facilitating rapid electrical communication (correct)
  • Supporting the structure of the heart wall

    • Which type of protein complexes are present in intercalated discs?

  • Collagen fibers
  • Desmosomes (correct)
  • Actin filaments
  • Elastin molecules

    • Where are Purkinje fibres mainly located within the heart?

  • Atrioventricular node
  • Atria (upper chambers)
  • Ventricles (lower chambers) (correct)
  • Interventricular septum

    • Which ions flow through gap junctions in the intercalated discs for coordinated contractions?

    <p>Calcium and sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized function of desmosomes within the intercalated discs?

    <p>Providing adhesion between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of control, is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?

    <p>Involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central region in a sarcomere where thin filaments slide inward and overlap?

    <p>H Zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a sarcomere remains relatively constant in length during contraction?

    <p>A Band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the I Band and H Zone when a muscle is maximally contracted?

    <p>They disappear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central position within a sarcomere that contains thick myosin filaments?

    <p>A Band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are thin filaments in a sarcomere attached that leads to Z discs coming closer together during muscle contraction?

    <p>M line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the shortening of an entire muscle due to the shortening of individual sarcomeres?

    <p>Sliding of thin filaments within sarcomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes smooth muscle from skeletal muscle?

    <p>Non-striated appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are thin filaments in smooth muscle cells anchored?

    <p>To dense bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of intermediate filaments in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is considered the command center of the nervous system?

    <p>Central Nervous System (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the brain in the CNS?

    <p>Memory and coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does smooth muscle contraction differ from skeletal muscle contraction?

    <p>Twisting motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Acting as receptionists and listening for incoming messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are the 'social butterflies' of the nervous system?

    <p>Multipolar Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are multipolar neurons commonly found?

    <p>Central Nervous System (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to neurons without oxygen?

    <p>They deteriorate quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes bipolar neurons from multipolar neurons?

    <p>Having two distinct processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are responsible for controlling skeletal muscles?

    <p>Motor Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an anaxonic neuron?

    <p>Their exact function is still a bit of a mystery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are anaxonic neurons typically found?

    <p>In the brain and special sense organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of neuroglia in the nervous system?

    <p>Acting as the structural framework for nervous tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do neuroglia differ from neurons in terms of communication?

    <p>Neuroglia don't play the action potential game like neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do neuroglia play in the nervous system when neurons need fixing?

    <p>Step in as the repair crew for neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system has a higher volume occupied by neuroglia compared to neurons?

    <p>Central Nervous System (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are muscle fibres in skeletal muscles considered multinucleate?

    <p>To push the nuclei to the side due to the elongated shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of skeletal muscles in terms of body movements?

    <p>Producing force for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are only skeletal muscles considered voluntary?

    <p>They are under conscious control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do tendons play in skeletal muscles?

    <p>Anchoring the muscle fibres to the bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do muscle fibres generate force for body movements?

    <p>Through the hydrolysis of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of striations in skeletal muscle fibres?

    <p>'Reflecting the organized arrangement of myofibrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the I Band and H Zone when a muscle is maximally contracted?

    <p>They narrow and eventually disappear as thin filaments slide inward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Z discs in a sarcomere?

    <p>To attach thin filaments and allow sliding during contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the sarcomere contains the dark A band?

    <p>M Line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of myosin heads during muscle contraction?

    <p>They progressively pull thin filaments toward the M Line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do Z discs serve in sarcomeres?

    <p>Provide attachment points for thin filaments allowing sliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the A band during muscle contraction?

    <p>It remains relatively constant in length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of desmosomes within intercalated discs?

    <p>Provide adhesion between adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Purkinje fibres predominantly located within the heart?

    <p>Ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component within the intercalated discs allows ions to flow for coordinated contractions?

    <p>Gap Junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Purkinje fibres best described in terms of function?

    <p>Conduct electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary job of Purkinje fibres within the heart?

    <p>Conduct electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue contains single central nuclei, striations, and intercalated discs?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Sensing and receiving incoming messages from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key feature distinguishes multipolar neurons from other neuron types?

    <p>Having multiple dendrites branching out from the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of function, how do axons in neurons differ from dendrites?

    <p>Axons carry messages away from the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes bipolar neurons among the neuron types?

    <p>Having two distinct dendritic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are multipolar neurons commonly found in the body?

    <p>Central Nervous System (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy best describes the function of axons in neurons?

    <p>Neurons' delivery guys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microglia?

    <p>Gobbling up debris and foreign invaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ependymal cells contribute to the nervous system?

    <p>Producing cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of ependymal cells?

    <p>Having cilia and microvilli for flow and sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Schwann cells mainly located?

    <p>Wrapping around PNS axons with myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Acting like a cushion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes ependymal cells from Schwann cells?

    <p>Presence of cilia and microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microglia in the nervous system?

    <p>Protecting the brain by phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes ependymal cells from microglia and Schwann cells?

    <p>Cuboidal shape and presence of cilia/microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Insulating axons with myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would you typically find ependymal cells within the nervous system?

    <p>Lining ventricles and central canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type acts as the 'personal bodyguards' for axons in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the nervous system?

    <p>Acting as a cushion for brain and spinal cord protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes smooth muscle from skeletal muscle based on the text?

    <p>Presence of striations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does smooth muscle contraction differ from skeletal muscle contraction?

    <p>Direction of tension transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Z discs located in relation to thin filaments in a sarcomere during muscle contraction?

    <p>Coming closer together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron according to the text?

    <p>Sensory reception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nervous tissue is described as the quiet achiever in the body by the text?

    <p>Smooth muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of central nervous system (CNS) according to the text?

    <p>Function as the command center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the integrative function of the nervous system?

    <p>Storing memories and experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for bringing information to the CNS?

    <p>Sensory/Afferent Division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of sensory nerves in the nervous system?

    <p>Bringing information to the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system can be likened to a messenger carrying information between the brain and the body?

    <p>Peripheral Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the sensory function of the nervous system from the integrative function?

    <p>Detecting internal and external stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of the PNS, what is the role of motor nerves?

    <p>Taking instructions from CNS to organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of astrocytes among CNS neuroglia?

    <p>Chatting with neurons through gliotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do oligodendrocytes differ in myelination compared to Schwann cells?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple axons, while Schwann cells myelinate one axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is specific to microglia among CNS neuroglia?

    <p>Serving as the bodyguards of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do astrocytes play in maintaining the brain's environment?

    <p>Regulating ions like sodium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes astrocytes from oligodendrocytes in terms of their structure?

    <p>Being star-shaped and forming a syncytium network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of oligodendrocytes provides a speed boost to action potentials along axons?

    <p>Creating myelin sheaths around CNS axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the Z disc in a sarcomere?

    <p>Links filaments of adjacent sarcomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the H Zone visualized in the muscle structure?

    <p>Imagine it as the empty space in the middle of a chocolate bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Titin within a sarcomere?

    <p>Acts like a molecular spring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In muscle contraction, what does the M Line primarily do?

    <p>Hold the thick filaments together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the composition of the Z Disc?

    <p>Consists of actinins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sliding filament mechanism help understand muscle contraction?

    <p>By showing how actin and myosin slide past each other to shorten sarcomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

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