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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic pattern of malignant fibroblasts in Fibrosarcoma?
What is a characteristic of well-differentiated Fibrosarcoma?
What is a characteristic of poorly differentiated Fibrosarcoma?
What is the hallmark of Fibrosarcoma in terms of blood vessels?
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How does the production of collagen change in poorly differentiated Fibrosarcoma?
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What is the grade of Fibrosarcoma with moderate mitosis?
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What is the characteristic of osteosarcoma according to the amount of bone in the lesion?
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What is the origin of chondrosarcoma?
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What is the early radiographic change of osteosarcoma?
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What is the radiographic feature of chondrosarcoma?
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What is the characteristic radiographic appearance of osteoblastic osteosarcoma?
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What is the type of osteosarcoma that appears as an irregular radiolucency?
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What is the characteristic histopathological feature of chondrosarcoma?
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What is the result of infiltration of tumor cells in osteosarcoma?
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Where is the site of chondrosarcoma in the oral cavity?
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What is the characteristic sign seen in chondrosarcoma?
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What is the most common site for Kaposi's sarcoma?
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How many types of osteosarcoma are classified based on histologic features?
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What is the age range for Burkitt's lymphoma?
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of Ewing's sarcoma?
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What is the type of Kaposi's sarcoma that affects people with AIDS?
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What is the characteristic of the tumor mass in Burkitt's lymphoma?
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What is the virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma?
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What is the characteristic of the cells in Kaposi's sarcoma?
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What is the percentage of cases where the Epstein-Barr viral genome is identified in the neoplastic cells in the Endemic type?
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At what age are children most commonly affected by the Endemic type?
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Which bones are most commonly affected by the Endemic type?
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What is the characteristic appearance of the Histologic features of the Endemic type?
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What is the age range for Multiple Myeloma?
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Which of the following is a common site for Multiple Myeloma?
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Study Notes
Sarcomas
- Fibrosarcoma: a rapidly growing swelling with a herringbone pattern of malignant fibroblasts, thin-walled dilated blood vessels in poorly differentiated tumors
- Fibrosarcoma classification:
- Well-differentiated type (low grade): resembles normal parent tissue, production of collagen, increase intercellular matrix, rare mitoses
- Moderately differentiated type (intermediate grade): less resemblance to parent tissue, less production of collagen, intermediate production of intercellular matrix, moderate mitosis
- Poorly differentiated type (high grade): no resemblance to parent tissue, less production of collagen, decreasing intercellular matrix, increasing mitosis
Osteosarcoma
- Character: painful, rapidly growing swelling of the involved bone, producing bulky lesion, facial deformity, paresthesia, looseness of teeth, toothache, bleeding, nasal obstruction, pathologic fracture is common
- Types according to radiographs:
- Osteolytic type (destructive type): tumors with little tumor bone, appear as an irregular radiolucency
- Osteoblastic or sclerosing type: much tumor bone produced, resulting in sun-ray appearance
- Types according to histologic features:
- Osteoblastic
- Chondroblastic
- Fibroblastic
- Telangiectatic (osteogenic sarcoma)
Chondrosarcoma
- Arises from mesenchymal stem cells
- Site: ant part of maxilla, remnants of Meckel's cartilage
- Radiographic picture: Garrington sign (widening of the periodontal ligament), irregular radiolucency with radiopacities
- Histopathology: highly cellular, binucleated cells, lacunae contain more than two cells, pleomorphism, hyperchromatism
Ewing's Sarcoma
- Clinical features: occurs in children and young adults, pain, swelling, loosening of teeth, mucosa ulcerates, leucocytosis, fever, and raised ESR and anemia
- Mic. Endemic type: common in Africa, affects children of 7 years old
- Mic. Non-Endemic type: common in the USA, affects children of 11 years old
- Histologic features: monotonous overgrowth of undifferentiated monomorphic lymphoreticular cells, macrophages with clear cytoplasm scattered uniformly throughout the tumor, producing the characteristic starry sky appearance
Multiple Myeloma
- Definition: a malignant tumor of bone, arising from cells of bone marrow similar to plasma cells
- Etiology: unknown, risk factors include obesity, radiation exposure, family history, and certain chemicals
- Clinical features: age 40-70 years, female > male, sites: vertebrae, ribs, skull, ends of long bones, and jaw bones (mandible > maxilla), rapidly growing painful swelling, expansion of the bone, numbness, mobility of teeth, hemorrhage, and pathologic fractures
- Histopathology: cells resemble lymphocytes but are larger, intracellular glycogen is noticed, cells are in lobules or sheets
Kaposi's Sarcoma
- Definition: a sarcoma caused by HHV-8 in AIDS patients (immunodeficiency)
- Clinical features: four sub-types:
- Classic Kaposi's sarcoma: affects older men in regions where KSHV is highly prevalent, slow-growing, and most often affects only the legs
- Endemic Kaposi's sarcoma: most common in Sub-Saharan Africa, more aggressive in children
- Immunosuppression therapy-related Kaposi's sarcoma: occurs in people following organ transplantation, mostly affects the skin
- Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma: occurs in people with AIDS, many parts of the body can be affected
- Histopathology: proliferating malignant spindle cells, slit-like vascular channels
African Jaw Lymphoma (Burkitt's Lymphoma)
- Definition: a form of malignant lymphoma in which cancer starts in immune cells called B lymphocytes
- Clinical features: age 2-14 years, site: mandible, maxilla, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, orbit, and visceral organs
- Types: Endemic and Non-Endemic
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Description
Test your knowledge on various types of sarcomas, including fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma, as well as multiple myeloma. Learn about their clinical features and histopathologic differentiation.
