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Questions and Answers
What is the main reason for the urgent need for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in Yemen?
What is the main reason for the urgent need for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in Yemen?
How many people in Yemen are estimated to be in acute need of WASH services?
How many people in Yemen are estimated to be in acute need of WASH services?
9.4 million
Less than 10% of displaced people in Yemen have access to a safe latrine.
Less than 10% of displaced people in Yemen have access to a safe latrine.
True
What are the components of a sewerage system?
What are the components of a sewerage system?
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The metabolic waste product eliminated by certain cells in the organism consists of _______ and urine.
The metabolic waste product eliminated by certain cells in the organism consists of _______ and urine.
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What is the aim of the individual disposal system without water carriage?
What is the aim of the individual disposal system without water carriage?
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Which type of sewer receives both domestic sewage and storm water?
Which type of sewer receives both domestic sewage and storm water?
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What is necessary to prevent contamination of the ground water table in individual excreta disposal?
What is necessary to prevent contamination of the ground water table in individual excreta disposal?
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Match the following types of sewage systems with their descriptions:
Match the following types of sewage systems with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Sanitation in Yemen
- More than 16 million people in Yemen need access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services
- 8.47 million children are in urgent need of WASH
- The need for WASH services is exacerbated by the conflict, natural disasters, food insecurity and epidemic outbreaks
- 9.4 million people are in acute need for WASH services
- Less than 10% of displaced people have access to safe latrines
Excreta
- Excreta is a metabolic waste product eliminated by cells in the body
- Excreta is a combination of human waste consisting of feces and urine
- Poor sanitation is linked to the transmission of diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid, intestinal worm infections and polio
- Open defecation contributes to the highest number of deaths in children under 5 years old
Transmission of Pathogens
- Pathogens can be transmitted directly through contact with excreta and contaminated drinking water
- Accidental ingestion of contaminated water while swimming is a mode of transmission
- Vector-borne transmission involves vectors breeding in contaminated water
Importance of Proper Excreta Disposal
- Protects water sources from contamination
- Prevents soil pollution
- Protects fish and aquatic life
- Protects human food by preventing contamination
- Prevents dangers to livestock
- Prevents nuisance by sight and smell
Sewage Disposal Systems
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Public Systems (Sewerage Systems)
- A system of conduits or drains called sewers.
- Consists of house drains, lateral sewers, main sewers, and collector systems, pumping stations and treatment plants.
- Removes sewage to the point of disposal.
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Types of Sewers
- Combined Sewerage System: Carries both domestic sewage and stormwater.
- Sanitary Sewers: Carry domestic sewage only.
- Storm Sewers: Carry stormwater or street washing only.
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Individual Disposal Systems:
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With Water Carriage:
- Septic Tank: Settled solids are anaerobically digested, reducing their volume. Excess liquid drains into a leach field.
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Without Water Carriage:
- Pit Latrines: Used in areas with low population density.
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Requirements:
- Must not reach groundwater table and prevent contamination.
- Must not contaminate surface water.
- Excreta must not be accessible to vectors.
- Excreta must not cause nuisance by sight or smell.
- Method must be simple and inexpensive.
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With Water Carriage:
Wastewater Treatment
- Four major processes:
- Preliminary Treatment: Removes large debris.
- Primary Treatment: An aerobic process that removes suspended solids.
- Secondary Treatment: An aerobic process that uses oxygen, sunlight, bacteria, and algae to break down organic matter.
- Disinfection: Kills remaining harmful bacteria.
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Description
This quiz explores the critical sanitation and hygiene issues faced by millions in Yemen, particularly the impact of conflict and natural disasters on WASH services. Additionally, it delves into the health risks associated with poor sanitation and the transmission of pathogens through excreta. Test your knowledge on these pressing humanitarian challenges.
