20 Questions
In systematic sampling, how are individuals chosen?
At regular intervals
How does stratified sampling differ from simple random sampling?
Stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups
What is the purpose of cluster sampling?
To ensure every subgroup is properly represented
How does simple random sampling differ from cluster sampling?
Cluster sampling selects individuals from subgroups with similar characteristics
What makes systematic sampling slightly easier to conduct than simple random sampling?
It selects individuals at regular intervals
What is the main disadvantage of using convenience sampling?
It can lead to both sampling bias and selection bias
When is purposive sampling often used?
When the researcher wants to gain detailed knowledge about a specific phenomenon
What is the downside of using snowball sampling?
It has no way of knowing how representative the sample is
What is the aim of quota sampling?
To control what or who makes up the sample
How does purposive sampling differ from convenience sampling?
Purposive sampling involves the researcher using their expertise to select a useful sample, whereas convenience sampling simply includes individuals who are most accessible
What are the risks associated with convenience sampling?
Sampling bias and selection bias
What is another term for purposive sampling?
Judgement sampling
When is purposive sampling often used?
In qualitative research, small and specific populations
What must an effective purposive sample have?
Clear criteria and rationale for inclusion
What is the main downside of using snowball sampling?
Observer bias
What does snowball sampling involve in terms of participant recruitment?
Recruiting participants via other participants
What is the primary limitation of convenience sampling?
Inability to produce generalizable results
What is the aim of purposive sampling?
To gain detailed knowledge about a specific phenomenon
Why is it important to describe inclusion and exclusion criteria in purposive sampling?
To avoid observer bias affecting arguments
What does convenience sampling involve?
Including the most accessible individuals to the researcher
Study Notes
Sampling Methods
Systematic Sampling
- Individuals are chosen at regular intervals from a list or population.
Stratified Sampling
- Differs from simple random sampling in that it divides the population into subgroups or strata, and then draws a random sample from each stratum.
Cluster Sampling
- Involves dividing the population into clusters or groups, and then randomly selecting a subset of clusters; purpose is to reduce cost and increase efficiency.
Simple Random Sampling vs. Cluster Sampling
- Simple random sampling involves random selection of individuals from the entire population, whereas cluster sampling involves random selection of groups or clusters.
Systematic Sampling vs. Simple Random Sampling
- Systematic sampling is slightly easier to conduct than simple random sampling because it involves selecting every nth individual from a list, making it more efficient.
Convenience Sampling
- Main disadvantage: samples may not be representative of the population, and results may not be generalizable.
- Involves selecting participants based on their availability or convenience.
Purposive Sampling
- Often used when the researcher wants to select participants who possess certain characteristics or attributes.
- Aim is to select participants who are information-rich or have expertise in a particular area.
- Also known as judgment sampling or selective sampling.
- Must have an effective sample that is relevant to the research question or objectives.
- Important to describe inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure transparency and credibility.
Snowball Sampling
- Involves recruiting participants through existing participants, often used when the population is difficult to access.
- Downside: samples may be biased, and participants may not be representative of the population.
Quota Sampling
- Aim is to select a sample that reflects the characteristics of the population, with a predetermined number of participants in each subgroup or quota.
Test your knowledge of different sampling techniques such as simple random sampling and systematic sampling. Learn how these methods are used to select samples from populations and their advantages and disadvantages.
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