Random Sampling Methods Overview
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Questions and Answers

Explain the purpose of a pilot study in research design.

A pilot study is conducted to test the feasibility of a full-scale study and to pre-test research methods or tools.

What is the term used to describe the process of putting sociological ideas and concepts into practice?

Operationalisation

Why is operationalisation important in sociological research?

Operationalisation is crucial to ensure that researchers can measure and understand abstract concepts in a consistent and clear manner.

What is the role of a researcher in interpreting research findings?

<p>The researcher analyzes data to identify common themes and trends, assess whether the data supports the hypothesis, and draw conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a researcher to interpret research findings?

<p>Interpreting research findings is essential as data alone does not provide meaning; analysis is required to draw conclusions and understand the implications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four linked stages of research design proposed by Oberg (1999)?

<p>Planning, Information gathering, Information processing, Evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the stage of 'Information gathering' in research design involve?

<p>Identifying a sample to study, conducting a pilot study, and collecting data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of 'Information processing' in research design.

<p>It involves analyzing and interpreting the meaning of the gathered data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'Evaluation' an important stage in research design?

<p>It involves internal and external analysis to ensure the research was conducted appropriately and to report conclusions to the wider audience for critique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'Research Problem' in the research process?

<p>It is the initial stage where the sociologist decides on the topic to study and develops specific ideas for investigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'Planning' considered a crucial stage in research design?

<p>It involves deciding on the research strategy, formulating research questions or hypotheses, and planning how to conduct the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors may influence a researcher's decision when choosing a research topic?

<p>Personal interests, current interest in the topic, funding availability, practical factors like respondent contactability</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reviewing previous research in the area of study?

<p>To generate ideas for the current study, decide whether to replicate previous research, and learn from errors made in previous research</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sets the basic theme for a study?

<p>Research hypothesis or question</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data are hypotheses typically associated with?

<p>Quantitative data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research method is typically used with research questions?

<p>Methods that produce qualitative data</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sample in the context of research?

<p>A relatively small number of people who belong to the target population</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a sample to be representative?

<p>To ensure that any conclusions drawn can be generalized to the target population</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sampling frame and why is it used?

<p>A list of everyone in a target population, used to ensure accurate representation and contact for research purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons a researcher may be denied access to a sampling frame?

<p>Legality, confidentiality, privacy concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is random sampling based on?

<p>Probability</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is systematic sampling?

<p>Taking a sample directly from a sampling frame by choosing every nth item.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does stratified random sampling avoid biased samples?

<p>By dividing the target population into known groups and treating each group as a separate random sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stratified quota sampling?

<p>Sampling based on known characteristics of respondents to construct the sample without a sampling frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is non-representative sampling useful?

<p>When the focus is on understanding the behavior of a specific group rather than generalizing to a larger population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is opportunity sampling?

<p>Sampling done when it's not possible to create a representative sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of best opportunity sampling.

<p>Goldthorpe et al.'s study on highly paid car-assembly workers in Luton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does snowball sampling work?

<p>It involves adding more participants over time based on referrals from existing participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Venkatesh’s gang study?

<p>To understand the behavior of a specific gang in-depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a researcher settle for opportunity sampling?

<p>When it's not possible to create a representative sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does stratified random sampling differ from simple random sampling?

<p>Stratified random sampling divides the population into known groups with different characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the binomial system used to name organisms?

<p>To classify organisms into species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are dichotomous keys helpful in identifying organisms?

<p>To lead to the organism's name by answering questions about its features</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes plants from animals based on their characteristics?

<p>Cell walls made of cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is common to protists?

<p>Photosynthesis for obtaining nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do fungi primarily obtain their nutrition?

<p>Through consuming other living things</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinguishing feature of prokaryotes like bacteria?

<p>Absence of a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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