Sampling Techniques in Research
31 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of non-probability sampling methods?

  • They require a random selection process.
  • They rely on the researcher's judgment to select samples. (correct)
  • They ensure every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
  • They involve large sample sizes to guarantee accuracy.

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of non-probability sampling?

  • Simple random sampling (correct)
  • Convenience sampling
  • Purposive sampling
  • Snowball sampling

    • What is a key disadvantage of non-probability sampling methods?

  • They are expensive to implement.
  • They may not provide reliable results due to bias. (correct)
  • They require extensive statistical knowledge.
  • They are very time-consuming.

    • Which sampling method is characterized by selecting individuals based on specific criteria set by the researcher?

    <p>Purposive sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does purposive sampling differ from random sampling?

    <p>It selectively includes or excludes individuals based on purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be determined about an individual from the population?

    <p>The probability of selection of the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be computed in relation to the sample result?

    <p>The standard error of the sample result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be generalized from sample results?

    <p>Over the total population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not typically calculated in sample analysis?

    <p>Standard deviation of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the standard error important in sampling?

    <p>It indicates the reliability of sample results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using a method that has better precision than simple random sampling?

    <p>It provides a more accurate representation of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of using a more precise sampling method in a large population?

    <p>It involves difficulty in constructing the frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly reflects a limitation associated with more precise sampling methods?

    <p>Difficulty in frame construction can hinder implementation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the precision of results compare between simple random sampling and other methods?

    <p>The precision of results is generally higher with more complex methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a reason for preferring a method with better precision over simple random sampling?

    <p>It yields more reliable conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using stratified sampling?

    <p>Every unit in a stratum has the same chance of being selected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does using the same sampling fraction for all strata benefit the sample?

    <p>It ensures proportionate representation in the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of not using the same sampling fraction across strata?

    <p>Some strata may be overrepresented in the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stratified sampling primarily aim to address in research?

    <p>Differentiate among various subpopulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a researcher choose to use stratified sampling instead of simple random sampling?

    <p>To ensure a diverse range of outcomes are represented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by a high standard deviation (SD) in the context of a population being divided into categories?

    <p>There is considerable variation within the categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dividing a population into distinct strata for sampling, what is the primary benefit?

    <p>It allows for more accurate representation of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are elements selected from each stratum in a stratified sampling method?

    <p>They are randomly selected from each independent sub-population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for a frame to be organized into separate strata?

    <p>Each stratum represents a homogeneous sub-section of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in applying stratified sampling methodology?

    <p>Identify and define the distinct categories or strata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using a sampling frame?

    <p>It cuts down on the cost of preparing a sampling frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of a simple random sample?

    <p>Sampling error is higher for a simple random sample of the same size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can costs be reduced when collecting data for a study?

    <p>By reducing travel and administrative costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding sampling methods?

    <p>Higher sampling error can occur with simple random samples of the same size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a reason for not using a simple random sample in research?

    <p>It may lead to higher sampling error for the same sample size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sampling Techniques

    • A sample is a portion of a population, chosen to represent the population's variables.
    • Sampling is essential in research because complete studies are often impractical.

    Advantages of Sampling

    • Cost-effective
    • Faster results
    • Potentially more information
    • Necessary when complete surveys are impossible (e.g., studying fish populations, nomadic groups, product quality).
    • Example use in patient blood examination.

    Types of Samples

    • I. Non-Probability (Non-Random) samples

      • a. Purposive samples: Chosen based on researcher judgment, not random; results are not generalizable.
      • b. Pre-test or pilot study: Used for pre-testing, to avoid missing important parameters, exclude unnecessary variables, saving time, money, and personnel.
      • c. Quota sample: Used in the USA (e.g., by Gallup Institute before voting). The researcher selects a specific number of individuals from different groups. Not useful for community or clinical medicine.
      • d. Convenience Sample: Made of easily accessible individuals.

    • II. Probability (Random) samples

      • Characteristics:
        • Probability of selecting an individual from the population is determinable.
        • The standard error of the sample result is computable.
        • Sample results can be generalized to the total population.
      • Types of Probability Samples
          1. Simple random sample
          1. Systematic random sample
          1. Stratified random sample
          1. Multi-stage random sample
          1. Cluster sample

    Simple Random Sample

    • Methods of selection:

      • Creating a frame with serial numbers for each population member.
      • Using paper cards representing population members, folded and mixed in a bowl.
      • Randomly selecting cards/numbers.
      • Alternative methods: tossing a coin, computer random number generation.

    • Advantages:

      • Each member has an equal chance of selection.

    • Disadvantages:

      • Frame creation can be complex, especially with large populations.
      • Sample members might be concentrated in a specific sector of the population (e.g., all females).
      • Less accurate for populations with high variability.

    Systematic Random Sample

    • Methods of Selection:

      • Select a random starting point between 0 and the sampling interval.
      • Choose every "nth" individual for the sample.

    • Advantages:

      • Easy to select
      • Well-distributed across populations
      • More precise than simple random samples

    • Disadvantages:

      • Difficult to create a frame for large populations.
      • Starting number impacts sample selection.

    Stratified Random Sample

    • Best for populations with high variability.

    • Population is divided into strata (groups) based on characteristics.

    • Random samples are taken within each stratum.

    • Advantages

      • Ensures equal representation from each stratum.
      • Adequate representation of minority groups.

    • Disadvantages -Requires a detailed population frame.

      • Stratifying variables might be connected, complicating the design. Potential size problems in some cases.

    Multistage Random Sample

    • Used for very large populations.

    • Sampling involves multiple stages (e.g., governorates, districts, talukas, villages, households).

    • Advantages:

      • Frame creation is easier than other methods. Suitable for broader surveys.
      • Practical approach in large scale studies.

    • Disadvantages:

      • Not as accurate as some methods like simple random samples if the sample size is similar.

    Cluster Sample

    • Population is divided into clusters.

    • A sample of clusters is randomly selected, and all units within those selected clusters are studied.

    • Advantages:

      • Less costly and faster to implement.

    • Disadvantages:

      • Sampling error is typically higher than in some other methods like simple random samples.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Sampling Techniques Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential sampling techniques used in research, including the advantages of sampling and various types of samples. Understand the significance of sampling for cost-effective and timely results in research, along with specific methods like purposive and quota sampling.

    More Like This

    Sampling Techniques in Research Methods
    4 questions

    Sampling Techniques in Research Methods

    TenderDeciduousForest4028 avatar
    TenderDeciduousForest4028
    Research Methods 4
    23 questions

    Research Methods 4

    RefreshingSkunk avatar
    RefreshingSkunk
    Técnicas de Muestreo y Procedimientos
    10 questions

    Técnicas de Muestreo y Procedimientos

    UnmatchedTaylor avatar
    UnmatchedTaylor
    Research Methods in Social Science
    40 questions

    Research Methods in Social Science

    CostEffectiveTabla avatar
    CostEffectiveTabla
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser