Sampling Methods in Statistics
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of homogeneous groups in stratified sampling?

  • They are diverse with varied characteristics.
  • They require a small sample size.
  • They contain similar elements within each subgroup. (correct)
  • They are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

    • What is one disadvantage of stratified sampling?

  • It guarantees representation from each subgroup.
  • It requires a larger sample size with more strata. (correct)
  • It is cost-effective in identifying strata.
  • It is easy to identify distinct subgroups.

    • Which sampling method involves dividing the population into mutually exclusive subgroups before randomly selecting some of those subgroups?

  • Random sampling
  • Systematic sampling
  • Stratified sampling
  • Cluster sampling (correct)

    • In systematic sampling, what determines the interval at which elements are selected?

    <p>The population size divided by the sample size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of cluster sampling within the selected subgroups?

    <p>Heterogeneity within each selected subgroup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of stratified sampling compared to simple random sampling?

    <p>It reduces costs of drawing similar elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is used first in cluster sampling?

    <p>Identify and divide the population into subgroups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential issue arises with systematic sampling based on the ordering of the population list?

    <p>It can introduce biases if the list is not randomly ordered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as all individuals or objects that meet certain criteria for membership in a group?

    <p>Population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a researcher choose to use a sample instead of a census?

    <p>When it is too costly to analyze the entire population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a census aim to collect?

    <p>Information about every member of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective when using a sample in research?

    <p>To draw conclusions about the entire population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of defining the target population in sampling procedures?

    <p>To determine the characteristics relevant to the research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sampling error represent in the context of sampling?

    <p>The discrepancy between the sample statistic and the population parameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a population?

    <p>All cars sold in 2016</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sampling procedure allows for every element to have a known probability of selection?

    <p>Probability sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a reason to conduct a population census?

    <p>To compare the results with sample data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of non-probability sampling methods?

    <p>Some members of the population have no chance of being selected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is it preferable to conduct a sample rather than a census?

    <p>When the research requires only a fraction of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item is an example of a sampling frame in a research study?

    <p>The list of all potential respondents for the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information do organizations typically gather during a census?

    <p>Exhaustive quantitative data from the entire population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a well-defined sample size contribute to in a research study?

    <p>Increased accuracy in estimating population parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does probability sampling enhance the representativeness of the sample?

    <p>By giving every individual an equal chance of selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of non-probability sampling methods?

    <p>Inability to quantify sampling error accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which probability sampling technique involves randomly selecting individuals from different predefined groups?

    <p>Stratified sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-probability sampling method focuses on selecting participants based on their convenience?

    <p>Convenience sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In systematic sampling, what method does the researcher use to select participants?

    <p>Selecting every nth individual after a random start</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding cluster sampling?

    <p>It involves dividing the population into groups and randomly selecting entire groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion is essential for performing quota sampling?

    <p>Matching the sample to the population's characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of non-probability sampling techniques?

    <p>They may introduce bias into the sample selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a researcher selects 1,300 email addresses from a complete list of 13,000 using a random computer program, which sampling technique is applied?

    <p>Simple random sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using judgement sampling, which selection principle is primarily applied?

    <p>Selecting individuals based on specific criteria or characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between sample size and sampling error?

    <p>Sampling error decreases as sample size increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym SEM stand for in statistical analysis?

    <p>Standard Error of the Mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following values reflects the population mean in the provided data?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded about the average sample from n=100?

    <p>More reliable than the sample averages from smaller n.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) calculated?

    <p>SEM = standard deviation / square root of sample size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average of the sample when n=50 according to the statistics provided?

    <p>7.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the distribution of sample statistics as more samples are drawn?

    <p>Distributions of sample statistics converge towards the population parameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the vending machine study, what does an increase in sample size imply?

    <p>Reduction in the standard error of the mean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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