Sampling Methods in Statistics

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of homogeneous groups in stratified sampling?

  • They are diverse with varied characteristics.
  • They require a small sample size.
  • They contain similar elements within each subgroup. (correct)
  • They are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

What is one disadvantage of stratified sampling?

  • It guarantees representation from each subgroup.
  • It requires a larger sample size with more strata. (correct)
  • It is cost-effective in identifying strata.
  • It is easy to identify distinct subgroups.

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into mutually exclusive subgroups before randomly selecting some of those subgroups?

  • Random sampling
  • Systematic sampling
  • Stratified sampling
  • Cluster sampling (correct)

In systematic sampling, what determines the interval at which elements are selected?

<p>The population size divided by the sample size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of cluster sampling within the selected subgroups?

<p>Heterogeneity within each selected subgroup (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of stratified sampling compared to simple random sampling?

<p>It reduces costs of drawing similar elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is used first in cluster sampling?

<p>Identify and divide the population into subgroups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue arises with systematic sampling based on the ordering of the population list?

<p>It can introduce biases if the list is not randomly ordered. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as all individuals or objects that meet certain criteria for membership in a group?

<p>Population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a researcher choose to use a sample instead of a census?

<p>When it is too costly to analyze the entire population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a census aim to collect?

<p>Information about every member of the population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective when using a sample in research?

<p>To draw conclusions about the entire population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of defining the target population in sampling procedures?

<p>To determine the characteristics relevant to the research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sampling error represent in the context of sampling?

<p>The discrepancy between the sample statistic and the population parameter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a population?

<p>All cars sold in 2016 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sampling procedure allows for every element to have a known probability of selection?

<p>Probability sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a reason to conduct a population census?

<p>To compare the results with sample data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of non-probability sampling methods?

<p>Some members of the population have no chance of being selected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is it preferable to conduct a sample rather than a census?

<p>When the research requires only a fraction of the data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item is an example of a sampling frame in a research study?

<p>The list of all potential respondents for the study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information do organizations typically gather during a census?

<p>Exhaustive quantitative data from the entire population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a well-defined sample size contribute to in a research study?

<p>Increased accuracy in estimating population parameters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does probability sampling enhance the representativeness of the sample?

<p>By giving every individual an equal chance of selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of non-probability sampling methods?

<p>Inability to quantify sampling error accurately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which probability sampling technique involves randomly selecting individuals from different predefined groups?

<p>Stratified sampling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What non-probability sampling method focuses on selecting participants based on their convenience?

<p>Convenience sampling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In systematic sampling, what method does the researcher use to select participants?

<p>Selecting every nth individual after a random start (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding cluster sampling?

<p>It involves dividing the population into groups and randomly selecting entire groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criterion is essential for performing quota sampling?

<p>Matching the sample to the population's characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback of non-probability sampling techniques?

<p>They may introduce bias into the sample selection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a researcher selects 1,300 email addresses from a complete list of 13,000 using a random computer program, which sampling technique is applied?

<p>Simple random sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using judgement sampling, which selection principle is primarily applied?

<p>Selecting individuals based on specific criteria or characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sample size and sampling error?

<p>Sampling error decreases as sample size increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym SEM stand for in statistical analysis?

<p>Standard Error of the Mean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values reflects the population mean in the provided data?

<p>8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the average sample from n=100?

<p>More reliable than the sample averages from smaller n. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) calculated?

<p>SEM = standard deviation / square root of sample size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average of the sample when n=50 according to the statistics provided?

<p>7.8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the distribution of sample statistics as more samples are drawn?

<p>Distributions of sample statistics converge towards the population parameter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the vending machine study, what does an increase in sample size imply?

<p>Reduction in the standard error of the mean. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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