Sampling Methods in Statistics

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What is the key characteristic of a biased sample?

The distribution of characteristics in the sample is systematically different from the target population. (correct)

The sample is collected from a sensitive or hard-to-reach population.

The sample is collected using nonprobability sampling methods.

The sample is too small to be representative of the target population.

When is nonprobability sampling most appropriate?

When the research topic is sensitive and requires responsive respondents.

When the sample size needs to be large and representative.

When the study is labor-intensive and focuses on a few in-depth cases. (correct)

When the aim is to achieve generalizability of findings.

What type of research often requires nonprobability sampling?

Quantitative studies with large sample sizes.

Longitudinal studies tracking changes over time.

Qualitative studies and research on sensitive topics. (correct)

Experimental research with random assignment.

What is the key difference between probability and nonprobability sampling?

Probability sampling ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, while nonprobability sampling does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using nonprobability sampling for in-depth research?

It enables the researcher to focus on a few key cases and collect more detailed information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS)?

To recruit a representative sample of the population through referrals from initial participants Signup and view all the answers

What are the key factors that determine the experimental design according to the passage?

The number of independent variables, the number of treatment conditions, and the purpose of the experiment Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an experimental design according to the passage?

To test a specific hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) described in the passage?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a 'Between Subjects Design' and a 'Matched Groups Design' according to the passage?

A Between Subjects Design has two independent groups, while a Matched Groups Design has two matched groups Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the main purpose of an experimental design?

To test a hypothesis through the experimenter's plan Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stratified sampling?

To ensure that key subpopulations are included in the sample. Signup and view all the answers

In cluster sampling, what is the purpose of sampling from clusters?

To narrow the sampling field from large, heterogeneous chunks to small, homogeneous ones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when ensuring sample accuracy?

Making sure every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common guideline for sample size in experimental psychology?

Around 100 samples or more. Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the required sample size?

The homogeneity of the population and the number of subgroups to be analyzed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major threat to representativeness in sampling?

Bias in the sampling process. Signup and view all the answers

What is a between-subjects design?

Each participant experiences only one treatment condition Signup and view all the answers

Why is probability sampling used in experiments?

To equalize bias and neutralize errors, improving internal validity Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended number of participants for a paper-and-pencil experiment?

At least 15 participants (median) or 20 participants in each condition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random assignment in experiments?

To equalize bias and neutralize errors, improving internal validity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect size in an experiment?

The strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables Signup and view all the answers

How many participants are recommended for invasive experiments involving bodily fluids?

10 participants in each condition due to high reliability and low error Signup and view all the answers

What are the unique two- and three-treatment combinations for three independent variables?

AB, AC, BC, ABC Signup and view all the answers

How does an interaction affect the interpretation of the results?

It qualifies the main effect, warning of limits or exceptions Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the factor-labeling method and the factor and levels method?

The factor-labeling method provides more detailed information about the design Signup and view all the answers

Why should we use a factorial design instead of two separate univariate experiments?

Factorial designs are more efficient and can achieve greater external validity Signup and view all the answers

Sampling Methods in Statistics

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Questions and Answers

What is the key characteristic of a biased sample?

When is nonprobability sampling most appropriate?

What type of research often requires nonprobability sampling?

What is the key difference between probability and nonprobability sampling?

What is the main advantage of using nonprobability sampling for in-depth research?

What is the purpose of Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS)?

What are the key factors that determine the experimental design according to the passage?

What is the main purpose of an experimental design according to the passage?

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) described in the passage?

What is the difference between a 'Between Subjects Design' and a 'Matched Groups Design' according to the passage?

According to the passage, what is the main purpose of an experimental design?

What is the purpose of stratified sampling?

In cluster sampling, what is the purpose of sampling from clusters?

What is the primary concern when ensuring sample accuracy?

What is a common guideline for sample size in experimental psychology?

What factors influence the required sample size?

What is the major threat to representativeness in sampling?

What is a between-subjects design?

Why is probability sampling used in experiments?

What is the recommended number of participants for a paper-and-pencil experiment?

What is the purpose of random assignment in experiments?

What is the effect size in an experiment?

How many participants are recommended for invasive experiments involving bodily fluids?

What are the unique two- and three-treatment combinations for three independent variables?

How does an interaction affect the interpretation of the results?

What is the difference between the factor-labeling method and the factor and levels method?

Why should we use a factorial design instead of two separate univariate experiments?

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