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Questions and Answers
What is a primary advantage of sampling?
What is a primary advantage of sampling?
Which of the following is NOT a precaution in sampling?
Which of the following is NOT a precaution in sampling?
Which type of sampling allows for the generalization of results to the parent population?
Which type of sampling allows for the generalization of results to the parent population?
What is a characteristic of a simple random sample?
What is a characteristic of a simple random sample?
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In systematic random sampling, what is required to select participants?
In systematic random sampling, what is required to select participants?
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Which type of random sample would be appropriate when a specific characteristic is unevenly distributed in the population?
Which type of random sample would be appropriate when a specific characteristic is unevenly distributed in the population?
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What is a disadvantage of purposive sampling?
What is a disadvantage of purposive sampling?
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What defines stratified random sampling?
What defines stratified random sampling?
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Study Notes
Sampling
- Sampling is a procedure to gather information from a portion of a population, not the entire group.
Advantages of Sampling
- Lower cost compared to studying the whole population.
- Saves time.
- Allows for more in-depth and accurate investigations.
- Eliminates bias.
Precautions in Sampling
- Samples must be well-chosen and representative of the larger population.
- Samples should be large enough to minimize variations.
- Samples need adequate coverage to avoid bias.
Methods of Sampling
Non-probability Sampling
- Purposive Samples: Samples chosen based on researcher judgment. Results can't be generalized to the whole population.
- Quota Samples: Used for public opinion surveys. Not useful in public health or clinical practice.
Probability Sampling (Random Sampling)
- Every unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Allows for generalization to the larger population. This method is recommended.
Types of Random Samples
- Simple Random Sample
- Systematic Random Sample
- Stratified Random Sample
- Cluster Sample
- Multistage Random Sample
Simple Random Sample
- Create a sampling frame (a list of all units).
- Determine the sample size.
- Randomly select sample units using random number tables or computer programs.
- Useful for homogenous populations.
Systematic Random Sample
- Create a list of all sampling units.
- Determine a sampling interval (e.g., every 10th).
- Randomly select a starting point.
- Select every nth unit after the starting point.
- Often easier than simple random sampling.
Stratified Random Sample
- Divide the population into strata (groups) based on a characteristic.
- Perform simple random sampling within each stratum.
- Useful for heterogeneous populations.
Cluster Sample
- Sampling units are groups (clusters) instead of individuals (e.g., city blocks).
- Simpler to study populations spread over large areas.
- Useful for investigating people in small areas.
Multistage Sample
- Used when populations are distributed geographically.
- Sampling is done in stages (e.g., states, districts, villages, households).
- Random samples are selected at each stage.
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of sampling, its advantages, and precautions. It discusses both non-probability and probability sampling methods, including their implications for research accuracy and generalization. Test your knowledge on how to effectively gather information from populations!
