Sampling and Monitoring Procedures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What should be done if the post-sampling flow rate is outside the ±5% of the pre-sampling flow rate?

Continue sampling without changes

Adjust the flow rate to the desired level

Discard the samples (correct)

Record the flow rate for future reference

What is the purpose of determining the limit of quantification in sampling?

To estimate equipment costs

To assess the safety of the environment

To determine the duration of sampling

To establish confidence in quantitative results (correct)

What concentration level of ethyl alcohol exceeds the lower explosive limit (LEL) according to the provided data?

2.5%

15% (correct)

3.3%

What action should be taken if the carbon monoxide levels recorded by the instrument increase from 20 ppm to 75 ppm?

Recalibrate the instrument in fresh air Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using a pocket dosimeter alongside a film badge?

To measure ongoing radiation exposure accurately Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of contact dermatitis according to the content?

Synthetic resin manufacturing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about immunisation is accurate?

It stimulates the immune system to create antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

What does LC50 represent in toxicology?

The inhaled concentration sufficient to kill 50% of a test population in a fixed period. Signup and view all the answers

What does LD50 measure in toxicological studies?

The lethal dose that kills 50% of a population through oral or dermal administration. Signup and view all the answers

How is inhalable dust defined?

It constitutes total dust that enters the respiratory system during breathing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a manometer?

To measure pressure using liquid height changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended guideline for using a rotating vane anemometer?

The diameter should not exceed 5% of the duct's cross-sectional area. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of blast gates in an airflow system?

To balance airflow in ducts of different sizes Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used for quantitative measurement of local exhaust ventilation (LEV)?

Capture velocity measurement Signup and view all the answers

What does a Reynolds number greater than 4000 indicate in a piping system?

The flow is fully turbulent Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of an oversampling error when collecting particle samples?

It can skew the sample towards larger particles Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes isokinetic sampling?

It collects particles at the same velocity as the surrounding air stream Signup and view all the answers

How do baghouses function in air pollution control?

They filter and capture dust and particulate matter above 0.25 microns Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of cyclones makes them an affordable option for industrial gas cleaning?

Low pressure and temperature restrictions Signup and view all the answers

What does the efficiency formula of an electrostatic precipitator calculate?

Ratio of mass removed to mass entered Signup and view all the answers

What defines the psychosomatic syndrome in occupational contexts?

Responses linked to stress unrelated to indoor air quality Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a push button in a control system?

To initiate a specific machine operation Signup and view all the answers

What substance's hazardous exposure is NOT measured by Biological Exposure Indices (BEI)?

Biohazards Signup and view all the answers

Which organization awards the CIH designation?

ABIA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of backward curved fan blades in ventilation systems?

To optimize efficiency Signup and view all the answers

For BSL-3 containment, what is the primary safety equipment used?

Biosafety cabinets Signup and view all the answers

Which target organ is chiefly affected by radium in its insoluble form?

GI tract Signup and view all the answers

Which hazard is specifically associated with Shaver's Disease?

Silica and aluminum dust fumes Signup and view all the answers

What is the specified standard for Blood-Borne Pathogens by OSHA?

29 CFR 1910.1030 Signup and view all the answers

Which equation describes the capture velocity of hood openings?

Only for specific duct shapes and distances Signup and view all the answers

What component is most effective in local exhaust ventilation systems?

Centrifugal fans Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of placing a shield between a radioactive source and employees?

To attenuate radiation and reduce exposure to acceptable levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the ionizing radiation permissible exposure limit (PEL) set by OSHA on a quarterly basis?

1.25 rem/quarter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an element commonly found in behavior-based safety programs?

Develop mechanisms for blaming workers for injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of air sampling in an industrial hygiene context?

To assess worker exposures and monitor implemented control measures Signup and view all the answers

What type of air sampling involves an employee wearing an air sampler during their normal work routine?

Personal sampling Signup and view all the answers

Which method of sampling uses a stationary device throughout the sampling period?

Area sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using high-volume and low-pressure drop air sampling methods?

To effectively sample particulates in general ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What type of sampling is specifically suited for gases and vapors?

Sorbent tube sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to ensure when calibrating air sampling pumps?

Using either a primary or secondary standard Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step before conducting air sampling?

Determining the nature of the contaminant such as gas or particulate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Toxicology- Epidemiology

Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, and absorption
- Ingestion: Through the mouth, substance enters the digestive system and bloodstream.
- Absorption: Through the skin (lacerations/abrasions), substance enters bloodstream.
- Inhalation: Through nose/mouth, travels to alveoli.
Local effects: Damage at point of contact (e.g., burn).
Systemic effects: Damage at a point other than contact (e.g., lead fumes on the brain).
Acute effects: Immediate and obvious responses (e.g., headache, nausea). Reversible.
Chronic effects: Develop over time (e.g., 20-30 years). Often irreversible.
Latency period: Time between exposure and first sign of disease.
Atopic dermatitis: Skin inflammation, common in families.
Contact dermatitis: Skin inflammation from irritant or allergen substance.
Immunization: Process of introducing weakened disease bacteria to generate antibodies. Does not cause disease.
LC50: Concentration of a substance to kill 50% of a test population in a specific time period (usually 4 hours). Expressed as mg/L or mg/kg.
LD50: Oral or dermal dose of a substance that kills 50% of a test population. Expressed as mg/kg.
Inhalable dust: Dust particles <100 μm that enter the nose/mouth/lungs during breathing.
Respirable dust: Dust particulates <10 μm which enter the lower lung levels during normal breathing.
NOAEL: No Observed Adverse Effect Level, is the highest found exposure level with no ill effects.
LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level, is the lowest exposure level to present any effect.
Vitro: Experiments performed outside of a living body (In a test tube).
Vivo: Experiments performed on a living organism.
IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health.
Additive effects: Combined effect of chemicals is equal to the sum of individual effects. 2+2=4
Synergistic effects: Combined effect of chemicals is greater than the sum of individual effects. 2+2=10
Antagonistic effects: Chemicals interfere with each other, reducing their combined effect. 3 +(-2) = 1.
Potentiating effects: One chemical has no effect, but with another, their combination results in an enhanced effect. 2+0=10
Carcinogen: Agent that causes cancer. A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 classifications indicate the confirmed agent causing cancer in humans.
Disinfection/ Sanitization/Sterilization: Removing germs; disinfecting non-living surfaces, sanitizing to eliminate all germs and sterilizing through high temperature or gamma radiation.
Antisepsis: Removing germs from living tissues
Co-carcinogen: Agents that enhance the carcinogenic effect of other agents when applied together.
Epigenetic: changes in phenotype or gene expression that do not alter the DNA sequence.
Genotoxic: Materials that cause change in the genetic material (usually DNA) in an organism,increasing its likelihood of causing cancer/congenital disorders.
Mutagen: Chemical or physical agent that changes the genetic material of an organism.
Occupational Hygiene- AREC: Study of substances' adverse effects on living organisms, focusing on children, who are most vulnerable to toxic exposures
Bioactivation, biotransformation: The body converting harmful substances into less or even more harmful substances.
Xenobiotic: Foreign chemicals introduced to an organism or the body.
**Toxicant (Human-made/Nature-made):**Toxic substances naturally produced by an organism, or by humans.
Toxin: harmful substance that naturally made by an organism and causes illness or damage.
Nanoparticles: Minute substances
Beneficial effects or Hormesis: Some substances with toxic effects can have beneficial effects at low levels.
Teratogens: Any agent that can cause birth defects
Stages of cancer: Bioactivation, interaction, initiation, latency period, promotion, and progression.
Heavy metals toxic effects on the various systems (kidneys, nervous)
Hepatotoxins: toxins affecting the liver
Neurotoxins: toxins affecting the nervous system
Carcinogenicity: Classification of carcinogens (A1- A5)
Epidemiology: The study of how disease and health affect populations, including their distribution and causes.

Stages of Cancer

Bioactivation, Interaction, Initiation, Latency period, Promotion, and Progression

Heavy Metals

Toxicity: Significant toxic effects on the nervous system; kidneys are rapidly deteriorated by the presence of heavy metals

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Description

Test your knowledge on post-sampling flow rates, limit of quantification, explosive limits, carbon monoxide levels, and dosimeter significance. This quiz covers essential topics in environmental monitoring and safety protocols. Prepare to ensure compliance and safety in sampling practices.