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Data from judgement samples at best suggest or indicate conclusions but in general they cannot be used as the basis of statistical testing procedures. __________ TECHNIQUE ADVANTAGES
SAMPLING
The most accurate theoretically, influenced only __________ Sampling by chance
Random
Assures a large sample to subdivide on important __________ Sampling variables; can be combined with other techniques
Stratified
Similar to random sampling and often easier Easy to collect data on the __________ Sampling subject
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Available when random __________ Sampling is impossible; quick to do
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Unavailable list of entire population sometimes or prevention of random sampling by practical considerations Can be biased if strata are given false weights, unless the weighing procedure is used for overall analysis Sometimes permits __________
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Prone to bias when the number is small Presence of bias not controlled by the __________
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What is another term for Accidental Sampling?
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Which sampling method involves reaching out and taking cases that are at hand?
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Which sampling technique is referred to as grab sampling?
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In clinical practice, who typically constitutes the sample?
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Which sampling method involves taking cases based on their availability?
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What is the primary characteristic of Accidental Sampling?
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Which sampling method is often conducted for quick public opinion readings by television news programs?
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'The man on the street' interviews are a form of what type of sampling?
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What is the primary goal of Accidental Sampling?
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Which sampling method is based on the principle of 'grabbing' cases that are immediately available?
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Study Notes
Population vs Sample
- A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about.
- A sample is a selection of respondents from a population, used to represent the total population.
- The size of the sample is always less than the total size of the population.
Reasons for Using Samples
- Saves time compared to a full census.
- Less expensive than conducting a full census.
Margin of Error
- There will be no perfect sample; there will always be some error.
- The allowable error margin is referred to as the margin of error.
- A 95% confidence interval yields a margin of error of 5%.
Calculating Sample Size
- Slovin's formula is used to calculate sample size: n = N / (1 + (N*e^2))
- Where: N = total population, e = margin of error
- Example: If the population is 6,000 and the margin of error is 5%, the sample size would be 384.
Sampling Procedure
- A formal process of choosing a sub-group from a population to participate in a research study.
- The sub-group should be representative of the large group from which they were selected.
Sampling Techniques
- Probability Sampling:
- Refers to sampling techniques that use an objective chance mechanism.
- Includes randomization.
- Non-Probability Sampling:
- Does not involve randomization.
- Includes accidental sampling, quota sampling, and others.
Types of Sampling Techniques
- Accidental Sampling: select respondents that are available, convenient, or volunteer for the study.
- Systematic Random Sampling: select units at regular intervals from a list, with a random starting point.
- Stratified Random Sampling: divide the population into sub-groups, then select subsamples from each group.
- Cluster Sampling: select groups or clusters of units, rather than individual units.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Sampling Techniques
- See table comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each sampling technique.
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Description
This quiz covers topics like the difference between population and sample, calculating sample size, and sampling procedures. It also includes questions about determining the target respondents for a study.
