Questions and Answers
What was the purpose of the colonies?
To enrich Great Britain by providing raw materials and goods for trade.
What is mercantilism?
An economic policy aimed at increasing national wealth by maximizing exports and minimizing imports.
Colonial materials were in low demand.
False
What did colonists export?
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What were the Navigation Acts enacted in 1651?
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Colonists in Massachusetts welcomed the Navigation Acts.
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What action did King Charles II take regarding Massachusetts?
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Who was Sir Edmond Andros?
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What was the Glorious Revolution?
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How did England strictly enforce Navigation Acts?
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What does 'salutary neglect' refer to?
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What were the long-term effects of salutary neglect?
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What was the French and Indian War?
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What was the name of the French fort located where Pittsburg is today?
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What happened at Fort Necessity?
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Why was the Ohio Valley desired by the British?
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Who was William Pitt?
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What actions did the British take to rally their forces?
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What was the Treaty of Paris 1763?
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The British were satisfied with colonial cooperation after the war.
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Colonists respected the British military after the French and Indian War.
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Study Notes
Colonies and Their Purpose
- Colonies were established primarily to enrich Great Britain through the export of raw materials such as wood, tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and fish.
- Goods produced in the colonies were sold to various nations, enhancing Britain's wealth.
Mercantilism
- An economic policy aimed at increasing national wealth by maximizing exports and minimizing imports.
- Nations sought to amass gold and silver by selling more than they purchased.
Demand for Colonial Materials
- The raw materials from the colonies were in high demand across Europe, driving economic activity and trade.
Colonial Exports
- Colonists exported lumber and tobacco to Spain, France, and Holland, contributing to the wealth of colonial merchants, which was perceived as a threat by England.
Navigation Acts of 1651
- Enacted to regulate colonial trade and ensure that it benefited England.
- Required that goods transported to and from the colonies be carried on English or colonial ships, with crews primarily composed of Englishmen.
- Mandated that certain products be exported only to England and that most trade be routed through English ports.
Colonial Response to Navigation Acts
- Widespread resentment in Massachusetts led to a booming smuggling industry, particularly in molasses used for rum.
Royal Intervention in Massachusetts
- King Charles II revoked the charter of Massachusetts, transforming it into a royal colony to enforce stricter governance.
Governance under Sir Edmund Andros
- Appointed as Governor, Andros adopted a hardline approach, denying privileges to colonists, strictly enforcing trade laws, prosecuting smugglers, and limiting local assemblies.
Glorious Revolution
- A bloodless overthrow of King James II in England, resulting in the ascension of Mary and William, who collaborated with Parliament to govern.
Stricter Enforcement of Navigation Acts
- English authorities intensified scrutiny over colonial trade, launching smuggling trials, while primarily focusing on France as a rival.
Concept of Salutary Neglect
- A term describing the period during which English colonies thrived due to minimal interference as long as they remained loyal to England.
Long-Term Effects of Salutary Neglect
- Colonists became accustomed to self-government and began creating their own rules.
- Economically, the colonies advanced by violating Navigation Acts and producing finished goods, leading to financial prosperity.
French and Indian War
- A conflict between French and English forces over control of the Ohio River Valley, culminating in English victory in 1763.
Fort Duquesne
- A French fort located in what is now Pittsburgh, pivotal in the early conflicts of the French and Indian War.
Fort Necessity
- The site where George Washington was forced to surrender, marking a significant early event in the struggle for control over North America, resulting in a decisive defeat.
Importance of Ohio Valley
- The region was sought for its navigable rivers, facilitating transportation and trade; Fort Duquesne was a key strategic location here.
William Pitt's Leadership
- Appointed as prime minister, Pitt sought colonial support for the war and committed to covering military expenses, gaining the support of the Iroquois.
British Military Success
- British troops successfully captured strategic locations such as Louisburg and Fort Frontenac, cutting French supply lines and facilitating a shift in dominance.
Treaty of Paris 1763
- Marked the end of French colonial ambitions in North America, resulting in British control over Canada, Florida, and land east of the Mississippi River, excluding New Orleans.
British Concerns Regarding Colonies
- Post-war, Britain was worried about colonial unity and the burden of significant war debts, prompting a shift away from salutary neglect.
Colonial Sentiment Towards Britain
- Colonists felt disrespected by British military presence and began to lose respect for them, fostering a desire for greater autonomy and prosperity without British intervention.
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Description
This quiz consists of flashcards focused on the concept of salutary neglect and its impact on colonial America. Key terms such as mercantilism and the purpose of colonies are explored, highlighting the economic relationships between Great Britain and its colonies. Test your understanding of these significant historical concepts.
