Questions and Answers
Salts are chemical compounds that are usually formed from the combination of ___
an acid and a base in water.
What is formed when combining hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?
common table salt (NaCl) and water
What is the formula for the reaction between chlorine gas and sodium to form salt?
Cl2 + 2Na → 2NaCl
What happens if you remove the water from salts?
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Can you give an example of how a salt may be reactive with other substances when mixed with water?
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What is the pH of a salt?
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Is KCl a salt?
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Are salts used in biology?
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What salt is used to melt ice on walks?
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Can too much salt in the soil prevent plants from growing?
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Does sea water contain only one salt?
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Will a chemist find more salts than acids or bases in nature?
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Why doesn't the equation Na + Cl → NaCl hold true?
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How can you make salt crystals?
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What is the definition of a salt?
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Are salts always prepared by neutralization?
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What taste do acids have?
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What acid is in milk?
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What acid is used in car batteries?
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What acid gives soft drinks the fizz?
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What acid is associated with scurvy?
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Describe the physical characteristics of a base.
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Are antacids bases or salts?
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What base is known as caustic soda?
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What base is used in manufacturing alkaline batteries?
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What element has 2 protons?
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What element has 27 protons and is stable with 32 neutrons?
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What is a basic gas that can be used to manufacture fertilizers?
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Above what number of protons are elements radioactive?
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Is there an acid salt?
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Given the salts Sodium sulfide, Copper carbonate, Lead chloride, and Barium sulfate: which one is soluble in water?
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What is sodium carbonate classified as?
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What is one use of ammonium nitrate?
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Why is KCl used as a standard?
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What type of structure does KCl have?
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What is the primary use of KCl?
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What can be used as a sodium-free substitute for table salt (NaCl)?
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What salt is used in lethal injections?
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What is a salt?
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Study Notes
Definition of Salts
- Salts are chemical compounds formed by the combination of an acid and a base in water.
- Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).
Chemical Reactions Involving Salts
- Reaction: Cl2 + 2Na → 2NaCl produces sodium chloride from chlorine gas and sodium metal.
- Removal of water from salts results in crystalline forms, such as common table salt.
Properties of Salts
- Salts in solution can enhance corrosion of materials, such as steel.
- Some salts can cause skin burns or irritation, while others are toxic.
- pH of a salt typically falls around 7.0, indicating neutrality between acids and bases.
Identification of Salts
- Salts like potassium chloride (KCl) do not contain hydroxide (OH) or hydrogen (H) in their formulas.
- Salts are more stable in nature compared to acids or bases.
Applications of Salts
- Salts, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), provide essential minerals for biological functions.
- Calcium chloride (CaCl) is preferred for melting ice due to lower corrosiveness compared to sodium chloride.
- Excessive salt in soil can hinder plant growth.
Composition of Sea Water
- Ocean water contains various salts, not just one type.
- Salts can be categorized by their negative ions, including bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, etc.
Unique Characteristics of Different Salts
- Trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) is classified as a salt and behaves differently in water, exhibiting basic properties.
- Acid salts, such as sodium bisulfate, can exist alongside normal salts like sodium sulfate.
Solubility of Salts
- Sodium sulfide is soluble in water; copper carbonate, lead chloride, and barium sulfate are not.
- Sodium carbonate is utilized in detergent and glass manufacturing.
Structure and Uses of Specific Salts
- Potassium chloride (KCl) has a crystalline, face-centered cubic structure with a lattice constant of approximately 6.3Å.
- KCl serves primarily in agriculture as fertilizer due to potassium's role in plant growth.
Alternative Uses for Salts
- KCl is used as a sodium-free substitute for table salt.
- It is also employed in lethal injections and various scientific and food processing applications.
Summary of Acids and Bases
- Acids taste sour (e.g., vinegar is dilute acetic acid), while bases taste bitter and feel soapy.
- Common acids include sulfuric acid in car batteries and carbonic acid in soft drinks.
Basic Knowledge in Chemistry
- Elements with more than 83 protons are radioactive.
- The manufacturing of fertilizers often involves ammonia, a basic gas derived from the Haber process.
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Description
Test your knowledge on salts with these informative flashcards. Learn about their formation through the combination of acids and bases in water, and understand common examples of salt reactions. Perfect for chemistry students at any level.
