Salts Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Salts are chemical compounds that are usually formed from the combination of ___

an acid and a base in water.

What is formed when combining hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?

common table salt (NaCl) and water

What is the formula for the reaction between chlorine gas and sodium to form salt?

Cl2 + 2Na → 2NaCl

What happens if you remove the water from salts?

<p>It usually results in crystalline material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you give an example of how a salt may be reactive with other substances when mixed with water?

<p>Salty water can enhance the corrosion of steel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a salt?

<p>7.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is KCl a salt?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are salts used in biology?

<p>Yes, they provide minerals to the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What salt is used to melt ice on walks?

<p>Calcium Chloride (CaCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can too much salt in the soil prevent plants from growing?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does sea water contain only one salt?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Will a chemist find more salts than acids or bases in nature?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why doesn't the equation Na + Cl → NaCl hold true?

<p>Chlorine is always a molecule (Cl2) in nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you make salt crystals?

<p>Evaporate the water from a salty solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a salt?

<p>A chemical compound formed by a reaction between an acid and a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are salts always prepared by neutralization?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What taste do acids have?

<p>sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

What acid is in milk?

<p>lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What acid is used in car batteries?

<p>sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What acid gives soft drinks the fizz?

<p>carbonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What acid is associated with scurvy?

<p>ascorbic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the physical characteristics of a base.

<p>Bases are bitter in taste and soapy to touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are antacids bases or salts?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What base is known as caustic soda?

<p>sodium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What base is used in manufacturing alkaline batteries?

<p>potassium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element has 2 protons?

<p>Helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element has 27 protons and is stable with 32 neutrons?

<p>cobalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a basic gas that can be used to manufacture fertilizers?

<p>ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Above what number of protons are elements radioactive?

<p>83</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there an acid salt?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the salts Sodium sulfide, Copper carbonate, Lead chloride, and Barium sulfate: which one is soluble in water?

<p>sodium sulfide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sodium carbonate classified as?

<p>salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one use of ammonium nitrate?

<p>It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is KCl used as a standard?

<p>It is a commonly used calibration standard solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure does KCl have?

<p>crystalline structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of KCl?

<p>for making fertilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be used as a sodium-free substitute for table salt (NaCl)?

<p>KCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

What salt is used in lethal injections?

<p>KCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a salt?

<p>Ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Salts

  • Salts are chemical compounds formed by the combination of an acid and a base in water.
  • Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).

Chemical Reactions Involving Salts

  • Reaction: Cl2 + 2Na → 2NaCl produces sodium chloride from chlorine gas and sodium metal.
  • Removal of water from salts results in crystalline forms, such as common table salt.

Properties of Salts

  • Salts in solution can enhance corrosion of materials, such as steel.
  • Some salts can cause skin burns or irritation, while others are toxic.
  • pH of a salt typically falls around 7.0, indicating neutrality between acids and bases.

Identification of Salts

  • Salts like potassium chloride (KCl) do not contain hydroxide (OH) or hydrogen (H) in their formulas.
  • Salts are more stable in nature compared to acids or bases.

Applications of Salts

  • Salts, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), provide essential minerals for biological functions.
  • Calcium chloride (CaCl) is preferred for melting ice due to lower corrosiveness compared to sodium chloride.
  • Excessive salt in soil can hinder plant growth.

Composition of Sea Water

  • Ocean water contains various salts, not just one type.
  • Salts can be categorized by their negative ions, including bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, etc.

Unique Characteristics of Different Salts

  • Trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) is classified as a salt and behaves differently in water, exhibiting basic properties.
  • Acid salts, such as sodium bisulfate, can exist alongside normal salts like sodium sulfate.

Solubility of Salts

  • Sodium sulfide is soluble in water; copper carbonate, lead chloride, and barium sulfate are not.
  • Sodium carbonate is utilized in detergent and glass manufacturing.

Structure and Uses of Specific Salts

  • Potassium chloride (KCl) has a crystalline, face-centered cubic structure with a lattice constant of approximately 6.3Å.
  • KCl serves primarily in agriculture as fertilizer due to potassium's role in plant growth.

Alternative Uses for Salts

  • KCl is used as a sodium-free substitute for table salt.
  • It is also employed in lethal injections and various scientific and food processing applications.

Summary of Acids and Bases

  • Acids taste sour (e.g., vinegar is dilute acetic acid), while bases taste bitter and feel soapy.
  • Common acids include sulfuric acid in car batteries and carbonic acid in soft drinks.

Basic Knowledge in Chemistry

  • Elements with more than 83 protons are radioactive.
  • The manufacturing of fertilizers often involves ammonia, a basic gas derived from the Haber process.

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Test your knowledge on salts with these informative flashcards. Learn about their formation through the combination of acids and bases in water, and understand common examples of salt reactions. Perfect for chemistry students at any level.

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