Salt Solutions and Hydrolysis

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Questions and Answers

What is the outcome when a weak acid is titrated with a strong base?

The solution will be basic at the equivalence point. (correct)

The solution will contain a salt that is neutral.

The solution will be acidic at the equivalence point.

The pH will remain neutral during the titration.

In an acid-base titration curve, what does the equivalence point signify?

No further acid or base needs to be added.

The pH is at 14 regardless of the acid or base used.

The color change in the indicator is fully reversible.

A stoichiometric amount of reactants has been added. (correct)

Which of the following statements is true regarding NH4NO3 in a solution?

It produces a basic solution upon hydrolysis.

The cation NH4+ acts as an acid in water. (correct)

It does not affect the pH of the solution.

The anion NO3- contributes to a neutral solution.

How does NaHCO3 behave when dissolved in water?

It hydrolyzes to produce OH- ions, making the solution basic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an indicator in titration?

To visually signal the end point of the titration. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pH at the equivalence point of a titration involving a strong acid and a strong base?

The pH is exactly 7, indicating a neutral solution. Signup and view all the answers

When titrating a weak base with a strong acid, what is the expected outcome?

The solution at equivalence will be highly acidic. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a solution of KBr when dissolved in water?

It is a neutral solution because no hydrolysis occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of hydrolysis in the context of ion reactions with water?

The reaction of an ion with water. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition allows an ion to hydrolyze when interacting with water?

If it is the conjugate pair of a weak acid or weak base. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions cannot hydrolyze in water?

Cl− Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the strength of an acid and its ability to hydrolyze?

Weak acids have measurable Ka values, allowing hydrolysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when a strong acid is dissolved in water?

It does not form a hydrolyzing conjugate base. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly states how hydrolysis affects anions derived from weak acids?

They react to form hydroxide ions and the weak acid. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about salts formed from strong acids and strong bases?

They will have a low hydrolysis capacity in water. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the ability of a conjugate acid or base to hydrolyze in solution?

The values of Ka or Kb being greater than zero. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Salt Solutions

Salt solutions involve reactions of ions with water, a process called hydrolysis.
Hydration is the interaction of ions with water molecules.
Solvation is the interaction of ions with solvent molecules.
Hydrolysis is the reaction of an ion with water.
Only ions that are conjugate pairs of weak acids or weak bases will react with water.
Conjugate pairs of strong acids and strong bases do not hydrolyze.

Hydrolysis

Ions can react with water if they are the conjugate pair of a weak acid or a weak base.
If an acid (HA) is strong, its Ka is very large, and the conjugate base (A-) will not hydrolyze.
If an acid (HA) is weak, its Ka is measurable, and the conjugate base (A-) can hydrolyze, and Kₐ of A- is bigger than zero.
If a base (B) is strong, its Kb is very large, and the conjugate acid (BH+) will not hydrolyze.
If a base (B) is weak, its Kb is measurable, and the conjugate acid (BH+) can hydrolyze, and Kₐ of BH+ is bigger than zero.

Reactions of ions with water: hydrolysis

Strong acid: shifted to the right
Weak acid: conjugate base shifted to the left.
Strong base: shifted to the right.
Weak base: conjugate acid shifted to the left.

Conjugate pairs of strong acids and bases

Conjugate pairs of strong acids and strong bases cannot hydrolyze.
Examples: Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ , Na⁺, K⁺

Conjugate pairs of weak acids and bases

Conjugate pairs of weak acids and weak bases can hydrolyze.
Examples: F⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺

Acidity-basicity of aqueous solutions of salts

Conjugate acids or bases having Ka or Kb bigger than zero can react with water, so they can hydrolyze.
Salts of strong acid and strong base form neutral solutions.
Salts of strong acid and weak base form acidic solutions.
Salts of weak acid and strong base form basic solutions.
Salts of weak acid and weak base depend on the relative strength of the acid and base.

Examples

NaHCO₃: basic solution
NH₄NO₃: acidic solution
KBr: neutral solution

Acid-base Titration

Titration is a procedure for determining the amount of a substance by adding a measured volume of a solution with a known concentration of another substance until the reaction is complete.
Acid-base titration is based on an acid-base (neutralization) reaction.
It's a method of quantitative chemical analysis.

Acid-base Titration Curve

An acid-base titration curve is a plot of pH of the solution of an acid (or base) against the volume of added base (or acid).
Equivalence point: the point in the titration when the stoichiometric amount of reactant has been added.

Titration of a strong acid by a strong base

Equivalence point at pH 7.
Salt of a strong acid and a strong base.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to salt solutions and hydrolysis, focusing on the interactions of ions with water. It explores the conditions under which ions can hydrolyze and the behavior of conjugate pairs of acids and bases. Test your understanding of hydration, solvation, and the chemical processes involved.