Salivary Gland Tumors Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of stone is radiolucent with 10-20% opacity due to calcifications?

  • Brown stones
  • Black stones
  • Pigment stones
  • Cholesterol stones (correct)

    • What is the most common complication of stones in the gallbladder?

  • Cholecystitis (correct)
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Acute cholangitis
  • Biliary colic

    • Which population has a higher incidence of cholesterol stones?

  • Hispanic and Middle Eastern populations
  • All populations have equal incidence
  • Asian and African populations
  • White and Native American populations (correct)

    • What are the risk factors for developing stones in the gallbladder?

    <p>Female, obesity, multiparity, age, fair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stone is associated with infection and chronic hemolysis?

    <p>Pigment stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality is used to diagnose gallbladder stones?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for symptomatic gallbladder stones?

    <p>Elective cholecystectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with biliary colic, nausea/vomiting, and dull RUQ pain?

    <p>Gallbladder stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stone is radiopaque and associated with Ca2+ bilirubinate and hemolysis?

    <p>Pigment stones (black)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can gallbladder stones potentially cause, along with acute pancreatitis and acute cholangitis?

    <p>Cholecystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone triggers the contraction of the gallbladder after a fatty meal?

    <p>CCK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory finding is often elevated in the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct?

    <p>ALP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of cholecystitis?

    <p>Calculous cholecystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sign is observed during palpation of the right upper quadrant in cholecystitis?

    <p>Murphy sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic imaging modality can be used to visualize the gallbladder and diagnose cholecystitis?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the presence of a fistula between the gallbladder and the gastrointestinal tract, leading to obstruction at the ileocecal valve?

    <p>Gallstone ileus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a calcified gallbladder due to chronic cholecystitis?

    <p>Porcelain gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for ascending cholangitis, an infection of the biliary tree?

    <p>Acute cholangitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the triad of jaundice, fever, and right upper quadrant pain seen in cholangitis?

    <p>Charcot triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What radiographic finding is associated with gallstone ileus and consists of pneumobilia, small bowel obstruction, and a gallstone?

    <p>Rigler triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stone is radiolucent and associated with infection and chronic hemolysis?

    <p>Pigment stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of stone found in the gallbladder?

    <p>Cholesterol stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for symptomatic gallbladder stones?

    <p>Elective cholecystectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population has a higher incidence of cholesterol stones?

    <p>White and Native American populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic imaging modality can be used to visualize the gallbladder and diagnose cholecystitis?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for developing stones in the gallbladder?

    <p>Female, age, obesity, genetics, decreased cholesterol 7αhydroxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can gallbladder stones potentially cause, along with acute pancreatitis and acute cholangitis?

    <p>Gallstone ileus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of cholecystitis?

    <p>Acute cholecystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication of stones in the gallbladder?

    <p>Cholecystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What radiographic finding is associated with gallstone ileus and consists of pneumobilia, small bowel obstruction, and a gallstone?

    <p>Rigler's triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone triggers the contraction of the gallbladder after a fatty meal?

    <p>CCK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory finding is often elevated in the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct?

    <p>ALP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the triad of jaundice, fever, and right upper quadrant pain seen in cholangitis?

    <p>Charcot triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stone is radiopaque and associated with Ca2+ bilirubinate and hemolysis?

    <p>Pigment stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a calcified gallbladder due to chronic cholecystitis?

    <p>Porcelain gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality is used to diagnose gallbladder stones?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with biliary colic, nausea/vomiting, and dull RUQ pain?

    <p>Cholelithiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of cholecystitis?

    <p>Calculous cholecystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for ascending cholangitis, an infection of the biliary tree?

    <p>Acute cholangitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the presence of a fistula between the gallbladder and the gastrointestinal tract, leading to obstruction at the ileocecal valve?

    <p>Gallstone ileus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common use of the multiple choice format?

    <p>Job interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the multiple-choice test?

    <p>Benjamin D. Wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key in a multiple choice item?

    <p>The correct answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of multiple choice tests?

    <p>They can be subjective in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be included as part of the stem in a multiple choice question?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of including distractors in a multiple choice question?

    <p>To discourage guessing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the items of a multiple choice test?

    <p>Items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skills are better assessed through short-answer and essay tests?

    <p>Problem-solving and higher-order reasoning skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of evaluation is the strongest predictor of overall student performance?

    <p>Multiple choice tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disadvantage is associated with the examinee's interpretation of the item in a multiple choice test?

    <p>Possible ambiguity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of multiple choice examinations when it comes to random guessing?

    <p>A student can still have a chance of receiving a mark for randomly selected answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method used to negate the effects of random selection in multiple choice exams?

    <p>Reducing the score based on the number of incorrect responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of 'right to wrong' changes when students change their initial answer on a multiple choice test?

    <p>20.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why changing an answer after additional reflection is a good idea?

    <p>It results in a higher test score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misunderstanding about multiple choice questions?

    <p>They allow for multiple answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure arises from the floor of the primitive pharynx and descends into the neck?

    <p>Thyroid diverticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal remnant of the thyroglossal duct called?

    <p>Foramen cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure may persist as cysts or the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid?

    <p>Thyroglossal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common ectopic site for thyroid tissue?

    <p>Tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen if a lingual thyroid is removed?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gallbladder Stones and Associated Conditions

    • Radiolucent stones with 10-20% opacity due to calcifications are typically cholesterol stones.
    • The most common complication of gallbladder stones is cholecystitis.
    • Cholesterol stones have a higher incidence in populations with obesity and diabetes.
    • Risk factors for gallbladder stones include obesity, rapid weight loss, pregnancy, and certain diets.
    • Stones associated with infection and chronic hemolysis are pigment stones.
    • Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for diagnosing gallbladder stones.
    • Treatment for symptomatic gallbladder stones often involves cholecystectomy.
    • Cholecystitis is characterized by biliary colic, nausea/vomiting, and dull right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain.
    • Radiopaque stones are associated with calcium bilirubinate and hemolysis.
    • Potential complications from gallbladder stones include acute pancreatitis and acute cholangitis.
    • Cholecystokinin, a hormone, triggers gallbladder contraction after a fatty meal.
    • Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels are often found in cases of gallstones in the common bile duct.
    • The most common type of cholecystitis is acute cholecystitis.
    • Murphy's sign is observed during palpation of the RUQ in cholecystitis cases.

    Diagnostic Imaging and Complications

    • Diagnostic imaging for visualizing the gallbladder and diagnosing cholecystitis includes ultrasound and HIDA scan.
    • A fistula between the gallbladder and the gastrointestinal tract can lead to gallstone ileus, causing obstruction at the ileocecal valve.
    • A calcified gallbladder due to chronic cholecystitis is known as porcelain gallbladder.
    • Ascending cholangitis, an infection of the biliary tree, is also called acute cholangitis.
    • The classic triad of cholangitis consists of jaundice, fever, and right upper quadrant pain.
    • Gallstone ileus exhibits radiographic findings of pneumobilia, small bowel obstruction, and a gallstone.

    Multiple Choice Test Insights

    • The key in a multiple-choice item is the correct answer that aligns with the question stem.
    • Short-answer and essay tests better assess higher-order thinking skills.
    • The strongest predictor of overall student performance is formative assessments.
    • A significant disadvantage of multiple-choice tests is the potential for random guessing by students.
    • A method to reduce random selection effects includes using a higher number of distractors.
    • Misunderstandings about multiple-choice questions often relate to the perception of guessing and answer changes.

    Thyroid Development and Ectopic Sites

    • The thyroid structure arises from the floor of the primitive pharynx and descends into the neck.
    • The normal remnant of the thyroglossal duct is known as a thyroglossal duct cyst.
    • Ectopic thyroid tissue may persist as cysts or as the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid.
    • The most common site for ectopic thyroid tissue is the base of the tongue.
    • Removal of a lingual thyroid may lead to hypothyroidism due to the loss of functional tissue.

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