Safety Standards and Regulations Quiz

Respirator Use

• Employers must get a physician's approval for employees using respirators.

Stress and Force

• Stress equals force divided by area.

Trenches and Shoring

• Trenches deeper than 4 feet require shoring, unless sloped or stable rock.
• Trenches are never wider than 15 feet.

Standards and Organizations

• The American Society of Mechanical Engineers has the most standards for unfired pressure vessels.

Ramps and Safety

• Maximum ramp slope is 15 degrees, and never exceeds 20.
• If unsafe acts are found in inspections, the inspector should stop the act, instruct on safety, report to the supervisor and provide training.

Guarding and Safety

• Fixed guarding offers high protection with low maintenance.

CAD and Software

• CAD stands for Computer-Aided Design.
• CAD/CAM stands for Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing.
• Common software is word processing and database management.

Warranties and Liability

• Manufacturers are liable if a product fails to meet a warranty.

Express Warranty

• A seller's or lessor's promise concerning a product's life expectancy.

SQL and URL

• SQL is Structured Query Language.
• URL is Uniform Resource Locator (web address).

Inspections and Notifications

• For minor infractions, notify supervisor in writing.

Contractors and Hazardous Chemicals

• Employers using contractors for hazardous chemicals must have screening, evaluation, work methods and experience check as well as a site injury and illness log.

Process Safety Management

• Employers must develop and implement emergency action plans, which include alarm systems, evacuation/relocation and pre-planning.
• OSHA compliance evaluation is required every 3 years.

Highly Hazardous Chemicals

• Chemicals with toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties.

Air Collection Systems

• Wet collectors/scrubbers use water to remove dust, gas, or vapor from air.
• Fabric collectors use fabric filters.

UN Labeling System

• Provides info about packaging and type of packaging material, but does not identify specific contents.

Hearing Protection and NIOSH

• NIOSH recommends derating NRRs by subtracting percentages for different types of earplugs and earmuffs.

Radioactivity and Units

• Radioactivity is the amount of ionizing radiation released by a material.
• Curie (Ci) and Becquerel (Bq) are units of measure for radioactivity.
• Exposure refers to the amount of radiation traveling through the air.
• Roentgen (R) and C/kg are the unit of measures for exposure.

Process Safety Management (continued)

• OSHA's process safety management standard applies to facilities operated, maintained or serviced by employees who visit the facility periodically.
• Highly hazardous chemicals are substances with toxic, reactive, flammable or explosive properties.

Process Flow Diagrams and Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams

• These diagrams are required under OSHA's process safety management standard.

Employee Participation

• Employee Participation is required under the Clean Air Act.
• Employers must establish a screening process for hiring contractors and ensure they can perform jobs safely.

Process Technology Information

• Maximum inventory limits, upset conditions and result deviations must be included.

Process Hazard Analysis

• Detailed guidance is available from the American Chemical Society.

Pre-Start Up Safety Review

• Equipment construction and operating procedures must be adequate. Training must be completed.

Emergency Action Plan

• The plan should include an alarm system, evacuation/relocation and pre planning for releases.

Certification

• Employers must verify compliance with OSHA standards every 3 years.

Engineering Controls

• Example of control: A shield between an ionizing radiation source and an employee.

Point Source Airborne Contaminants

• General ventilation with 10 or more compression can control point source airborne contaminants.

Insurance

• Stock Insurance Company is a type of profit-motivated insurance company.
• Manufacturer/contractor coverage is used to cover liability for hazardous waste cleanup.

Ventilation Design

• The number of air changes per unit is calculated by dividing the volumetric flow rate of air by the room volume.

Chemical Labels

• Chemical labels are necessary for hazardous waste, gas cylinders and bottles.

OCP

• OCP stands for On-line Control Point or other similar acronyms.
• Data loggers are electronic instruments that record data from sensors, and convert physical phenomena into electronic signals.

Safety Data Sheets

• Safety Data Sheets have 16 sections.
• OSHA does not enforce sections 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the SDS.

NFPA 101 Life Safety Code

• Specifies building classes based on hazard—Low, Ordinary, or High.

Atmospheric Testing

• The proper order for atmospheric testing in confined spaces is Oxygen, Flammability, and Toxicity.

Radiation

• Near-infrared is invisible and feels warm.
• A scotoma is a loss of vision in a portion of the visual field due to radiation damage to the retina.

Hazardous Materials & Chemicals

• Class 3B and 4 lasers can cause eye and skin injury. Maximum Class 3B laser output is 500mW.

Electrical Bonding

• Metallic parts are electrically joined to form a conductive path for safely conducting currents.

Tagout devices and Sodium Hydroxide Hazards

• Tagout devices need a minimum unlocking strength of 50 pounds.
• Sodium hydroxide mixing with other elements, including water, can cause considerable heat and fire/explosions.

Chemical Reactions and Hazards

• Metal carbonates react with acids to produce salt, water and carbon dioxide.
• Chemical hazards are categorized as toxic, reactive, corrosive, or flammable.

Highly Hazardous Chemicals and Process Safety Management (continued)

• OSHA's Process Safety Management standard applies to highly hazardous chemicals.
• Employee Participation is required under the Clean Air Act.
• Process technology must include maximum limits, upset conditions and consequence estimations.

Highly Hazardous Chemicals and Process Safety Management (continued)

• Process hazard analysis guidelines are available from the American Chemical Society.
• Operating procedures must be updated yearly.

Safety Data Sheets and NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (continued)

• OSHA does not enforce specific sections.
• NFPA 101 classifies buildings by the hazards they contain (low, ordinary, and high).

Atmospheric Testing and Radiation (continued)

• Atmospheric testing in confined spaces should follow the order of Oxygen, Flammability, and Toxicity assessment.
• Near-infrared radiation—invisible, warm, with a wavelength of 700–1400 nanometers.

Advanced Safety Concepts

• In serious accidents, impact energies remain below the threshold likely to cause injury.
• Engineering controls like shields are used to control hazards.

Insurance Coverage

• Manufacturers/contractor coverage provides liability coverage for hazardous waste cleanup.
• Stock Insurance Company is a profit-motivated company.
• Ventilation design calculates the ratio between flow rate and room volume to obtain the desired air changes per unit.

Hazardous Materials

• Chemicals are labeled on drums, cylinders and containers of hazardous waste.

Permeation and Osmosis

• Permeation involves chemical sorption into a material, followed by diffusion and subsequent desorption.
• Osmosis is the passage of molecules through a membrane from a less to a more concentrated area.
• Convection is the fluid movement (warmer vs. cooler density).

Respiratory Protection

• Full-face respirators offer 1000x protection in positive pressure mode.
• SCBA respirators offer 10,000x protection in positive pressure mode.

Electrical Safety

• NFPA 70 (NEC) categorizes hazardous locations into Class 1, 2 or 3.

Dam Safety

• Indications of seepage in earthen dams include exposed gravel showing on downstream slopes.

Structural Safety

• Steel in concrete is placed where supports are low; a GFCI trips in 1/40th of a second.

FMEA and FTA

• FMEA takes longer than FTA analysis.

Fan and Ventilation Systems

• Fan speed correlates directly to CFM (Air volume).
• Fan speed (TP/SP), horsepower (HP) measurements.

Cut Sets and System Failure

• A cut set identifies system failure points for non-operation safety.

Gas Detection and Measurement

• LEL conversion to ppm is achieved by multiplying by one million.

Lighting and Illumination

• Minimum foot-candles are required for construction (5).
• First aid stations need 30 foot-candles.

Chemical Testing

• Filters, impingers, and visible absorption spectrometry are used for testing (e.g., formaldehyde).

Organophosphates

• No definition for this category provided.

Blood Testing

• Monitoring for cholinesterase inhibitors is done through blood testing.

Lockout and Tagout

• Double block and bleed is a procedure to isolate a line, duct or pipe by closing and locking two valves, and opening a drain/vent valve between to closed valves.

Line Breaking

• Line breaking is intentionally opening a pipe, line or duct to release a flammable, corrosive or toxic material (inert gas or fluids). Inerting is the displacement and substitution with an inert gas (as nitrogen) in a confined space, to make the atmosphere non-combustible.

Inerting

• Inerting involves replacing the existing atmosphere with a non-combustible gas, such as nitrogen.

Hazardous Substances

• Potassium is a water-reactive substance that produces heat and gases when exposed to water.
• Perchloric acid should be stored in cool, ambient temperatures.

Dipping and Coating Operations

• Airborne concentrations of substances must remain below 25% Lower Flammability Limit (LFL).
• Written procedures are required for handling process changes.

Air Collection Systems

• Cyclones, electrostatic precipitators are used for air collection.

Particle Size and Measurement

• Particle sizes are categorized into coarse (2500-10,000 nm), fine (100-2,500 nm), nanoparticles (1-100 nm), atoms and small molecules (<0.1 nm).

Ladder Safety

• Ladder tops should extend 3.5+ feet away from the support.
• Clearances of 7 inches and 15 inches on ladder side should be present for safety.

Fire Suppression

• FM (Factory Mutual) is a certification for fire suppression products.

Control Systems

• Active controls require worker action before system use.
• Passive controls operate automatically without worker intervention.

Fall Arrest Systems

• Fall arrest system anchorages are required to support 5,000+ lbs.

Property Insurance

• Covers property losses related to a property event.
• Addresses legal liability related loss events.

Loss Exposures

• Basic Business Income Coverage (BIC) form covers property, perils and consequences related to loss.

Advanced Safety Concepts

• GFCI—ground fault circuit interrupter, acts to prevent harm from electric shock—within 0.02-0.03 seconds.

Ventilation Systems

• Total pressure in closed systems is equal to the sum of velocity and static pressure.

Product Markings

• CE marking certifies compliance with health and safety standards in the European Economic Area (EEA).

Web and Computer Concepts

• URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator
• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol; uses hyperlinks, images and text.
• Websites and web browsing features, as well as various document formats such as PDF are used in computer-based communications.

Scientific Concepts

• Spectrometer—measures liquid and solid transmission and absorption of light/energy as a function of wavelength, thereby splitting the beam into two portions.
• Hexavalent Chromium is a product made through a chemical process.
• Water solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute a solvent can carry.

Safety Regulations

• OSHA regulations address compressed gas breathing air and classify materials (with regard to carcinogenicity).
• Crane operations reference the manufacturer's rated load capacity.

Radiation Safety

• Absorbed dose is measured in rads/grays.
• Dose equivalent combines absorbed dose and biological effect of the radiation.
• The atmosphere in confined spaces needs testing; oxygen, flammables and toxic elements should be assessed.

Employer Responsibilities

• More than one employer can be cited at a worksite.

Advanced Safety Concepts (continued)

• The basic form of Business Interruption Coverage covers Property, Perils, and Consequences.

Fire Safety

• Fire requires particle suspension in the air.

Respiratory Protection

• Closed circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) recirculates, purifies and adds oxygen.
• Open circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) provides air via high-pressure tanks and exhausts exhaled air.

Electrical Safety.

• Fail-safe design for spare pumps activates backup pumps upon cooling water pump failure.
• Electrical bonding equalizes potential differences between conductors.
• Arcing is electric discharge between conductors. -Hydrogen gas is possible from lead battery charging.

Hazards and Risk Assessment

• Negligible, marginal catastrophic (death), and critical (permanent disability) are types of severity in hazards.

Radiation Safety (continued)

• Ci (Curie) and Bq (Becquerel) are radioactivity units of measure.
• R (Roentgen) and C/kg(Coulombs per kilogram) are exposure units.

Test your knowledge on essential safety standards and regulations concerning workplace safety, respirator requirements, and electrical safety. This quiz will cover various topics, including trench safety, warranty definitions, and ventilation system pressures. Ideal for safety professionals and students.