Hypothermia Treatment and Fluid Management

• In patients with moderate or severe hypothermia, their total plasma volume is usually low but their circulatory plasma volume is usually high due to increased peripheral vascular resistance.
• Rapid volume expansion can be lifesaving in these patients, especially during rewarming.
• Fluids administered via the intravenous (IV) should be heated to 40° C to 42° C (104° F–107.6° F).
• If a commercial fluid or blood warmer is not available, IV fluids can be heated in a standard microwave.
• Hemoconcentration due to decreased plasma volume, fluid shifts, and increased vascular permeability is usually present.
• Preexisting gastrointestinal losses or previous diuretic treatment can also contribute to sodium loss.
• Most patients will be free water-depleted, elevating the sodium level and osmolality.

Test your knowledge about the treatment and fluid management for patients with moderate or severe hypothermia. Learn about volume expansion, IV fluid heating, hemoconcentration, and sodium levels.