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Questions and Answers

According to the Chinese origin story, what was the source of the world?

  • The tree that had earth on its roots
  • A huge egg containing chaos, yin and yang, female and male, dark and light (correct)
  • A pool of water beneath the sky
  • A mountain formed from the creator's body

Who was the originator of the world according to the Iroquois origin story?

  • The Great Turtle or The Animals (correct)
  • The Animals
  • The Chief's Daughter
  • The Great Turtle

According to the Mayan origin story, the ______ created the world.

creators

In the Chinese origin story, what happened when Pan Gu broke free from the egg?

<p>Pan Gu separated the heaven and Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Earth form according to the Iroquois origin story?

<p>The animals retrieved soil from the tree that had Earth on its roots, put it on the back of the turtle, and the turtle grew into the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What entity played a significant role in the Mayan creation story, according to the text?

<p>The Plumed Serpent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Chinese origin story, what did Pan Gu's body eventually become?

<p>Pan Gu's body eventually became the mountains, eyes from the sun and moon, skin from the Earth, and sweat from the rain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Iroquois origin story, the Chief's daughter is responsible for creating humans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the creature that the Mayan creators first tried to make?

<p>The Mayan creators first tried to make mud creatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Iroquois origin story, what was the purpose of the animals retrieving dirt from the tree?

<p>To place it on the back of the Great Turtle to form the Earth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the first humans made of in the Zulu origin story?

<p>Reeds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Efik origin story, who created the world?

<p>Abassi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Zulu origin story, the first humans were created from the reed's ends.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the first life forms on Earth according to the Efik creation story?

<p>Wildlife (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Prometheus do in Greek mythology?

<p>Prometheus shaped man out of mud. He stole fire from the gods and gave it to man.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the first humans as described in the Zulu creation story?

<p>The first humans originated from the seed of Umvelinqangi, who was the first god and the ancestor of humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Greek creation story involves a god who punished humans by giving them fire.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main sources of knowledge that anthropologists rely on?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between 'ethnography', and 'ethnology'?

<p>Ethnography is written account, Ethnology is the study of cultures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we define the concept of 'kinship' as understood in cultural anthropology?

<p>The relationship between two or more people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'reflexivity' in cultural anthropology?

<p>Reflexivity is a way of focusing on how your own biases and perspectives shape your understanding of the culture you are studying.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of foraging cultures, according to the text?

<p>They are nomadic, hunt and gather, and have a small population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of horticultural cultures?

<p>They are settled, farm land, and have a larger population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ethnocentrism?

<p>The tendency to judge other cultures based on their own beliefs and values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a common reason behind rites of passage?

<p>Providing a means for individuals to reject their culture of origin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between material and non-material culture?

<p>Material culture is tangible, Non-material culture is intangible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of non-material culture?

<p>Clothing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rite of passage is a ceremony that marks a person's progress from one phase to another.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 phases of a rite of passage described by Arnold van Gennep?

<p>Seperation, transition, and reintegration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for an uncomfortable or inappropriate concept expressed in a polite and socially acceptable way?

<p>Euphemism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that language not only labels reality but also shapes our cultural reality.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Body language can influence communication because it shows how people feel.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main branches of culture?

<p>Material culture and non-material culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest and most developed portion of the brain, and what is its function?

<p>The cerebrum is the largest and most developed portion of the brain. It controls the brain's problem-solving ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of the frontal cortex is complete by the age of 6.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hippocampus is responsible for short-term and long-term memory.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason behind the risky behavior often displayed by teenagers?

<p>Incomplete development of the frontal cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sigmund Freud is known as the founder of psychoanalysis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

<p>Cognitive Schema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud believed that hysteria was caused due to sexual abuse during childhood.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a key concept in Karen Horney's feminist psychology?

<p>Personality formation is strongly influenced by sexual conflicts in childhood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carl Jung agreed with Freud on all aspects of his theories.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jung believed that personality could be described as either introverted or extroverted.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jung's concept of 'collective unconscious' refers to:

<p>A shared pool of memories stemming from humanity's collective experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a method of therapy that focuses on resolving a patient's conflicted conscious?

<p>Psychodynamic therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Rorschach Inkblot Test examines a person's personality by analyzing their responses to ambiguous stimuli.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first to demonstrate that stimuli could control behavior through the process of association?

<p>Ivan Pavlov (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of operant conditioning?

<p>Behavior is primarily driven by unconscious desires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a naturally occurring response to a particular stimulus?

<p>Unconditioned response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus?

<p>Conditioned response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of learning is defined by neutral stimulus coming to produce a particular response after repeated pairing with a conditioned stimulus?

<p>Classical conditioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key element in the Asch Line Test?

<p>The participants are all aware of the study's true purpose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Stanford Prison Experiment aimed to study the impacts of social power in a controlled environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethnology

The study of origins and culture of different tales and people.

Kinship

A relationship between 2 or more people that is based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

Ethnography

A written account of a culture.

Subjective

A type of conclusion shaped by a person's cultural and personal perspectives.

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Objective

A type of conclusion based on facts and data.

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Reflexivity

The practice of reflecting on your own worldview, biases, and impact on the culture you are studying.

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Foraging Cultures

Both men and women hunt, gather roots and berries. Foraging bands tend to be small and decisions are made informally. Few possessions because they follow plant growth and animals.

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Horticultural cultures

Farm land for a few years until the land is no longer fertile. Life is more settled, hunting is not as important. People made and kept more personal possessions. Abundant food supply leads to larger populations.

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Agriculture Cultures

Work land intensively and continuously. Irrigation used to store water. Plows pulled with non-human energy. Town and city growth, large populations. Difference between wealth and power arises.

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Industrial Cultures

Nonhuman power energy could be harnessed to power complex machines. Movement from farms to cities. Overcrowding leads to social problems. Competing economic systems(Communism and Capitalism).

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Communication Information age

Development of mass media that provides information to a broad audience. Leisure and popular culture. Computers transform work and education.

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Ethnocentrism

The tendency to view other cultures from the perspective of one's own. It leads us to make false assumptions about cultural differences.

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Rite of Passage

A ceremony that marks a person's progress from one phase to another.

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Separation

When an individual is seen to change from their current status and prepare to go to a new stage.

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Transition (Liminality)

The period of transition that follows separation. The person is removed from society to undergo special tasks that will prepare them for the new stage.

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Reintegration

When the person is welcomed back into society.

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Circumcision

The surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.

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Identity Moratorium

When adolescents are unable to accomplish tasks necessary to becoming an adult and explore other youth subcultures.

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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

The theory that language not only labels reality but also shapes our cultural reality.

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Euphemism

A word or set of words that are used to describe an uncomfortable or inappropriate concept in a polite or socially acceptable fashion.

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Neuroscience

The study of the human brain.

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Cerebrum

The largest and most developed portion of the brain. It controls the brain's problem-solving ability.

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Hippocampus

Responsible for short-term and long-term memory.

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Frontal Cortex

Developed until the age of 20, by age 6 our brain is 95% developed.

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Gray Matter

The thinking part of the brain is associated with gray matter.

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Use it or lose it principle

The cells and connections you use will stay alive, and the ones you don’t die.

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Sigmund Freud

Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis.

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Psychoanalysis

Developed a therapeutic approach to explore the unconscious mind.

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Cocaine

The miracle drug he made was cocaine.

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Free Association

Letting patients talk freely.

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Conscious

Thoughts we are aware of.

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Preconscious

Memories we can recall with effort.

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Unconscious

Hidden desires, fears, and past trauma.

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Id

Primitive desires and instincts (pleasure principle).

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Ego

Rational self; mediates between id and reality (reality principle).

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Superego

Moral conscience; internalized societal values.

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Study Notes

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