S2 L5: Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Urinary System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the regulation of acid-base balance in the body?

  • To control body temperature
  • To regulate heart rate
  • To maintain optimal enzyme function (correct)
  • To regulate blood pressure

What is the term used to express the concentration of hydrogen ions in the body fluid?

  • pKa
  • pKB
  • pH (correct)
  • pOH

What is the result of a high pH in the body fluid?

  • Alkalosis (correct)
  • Acidosis
  • Metabolic pathway
  • Homeostasis

How many primary systems regulate the H+ concentration in the body fluids?

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of slight deviations from normal pH in the body fluid?

<p>Shut down of metabolic pathways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a low pH corresponding to a high [H+] in the body fluid?

<p>Acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system can act within a fraction of a second to prevent excessive changes in [H+]?

<p>Acid-base buffer system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the respiratory center in acid-base balance?

<p>To alter the rate of breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for the kidneys to readjust the [H+] after sudden changes have occurred?

<p>Many minutes to several days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bicarbonate buffer system?

<p>To maintain blood plasma pH within a normal range (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

<p>To act as a protein buffer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most powerful acid-base regulatory system in the body?

<p>The kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bicarbonate buffer system in the body?

<p>To maintain the body's acid-base homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid in the blood when the pH is within the normal range?

<p>20:1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sodium bicarbonate comes into contact with a strong acid, such as HCl?

<p>Carbonic acid and sodium chloride are formed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sodium in the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system?

<p>To regulate the concentration of bicarbonate ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when carbonic acid comes into contact with a strong base, such as NaOH?

<p>Bicarbonate and water are formed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of acids in the body that the bicarbonate buffer system helps to neutralize?

<p>Metabolic wastes, such as lactic acid and ketone bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way the respiratory system contributes to acid-base balance in the body?

<p>By regulating the blood levels of carbonic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pH when the CO2 level in the blood rises?

<p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the rate and/or depth of respiration affect the blood pH?

<p>It raises the blood pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of excessive deep and rapid breathing (hyperventilation)?

<p>It decreases blood CO2 levels and increases pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can brief alkalosis caused by hyperventilation be remedied?

<p>By rebreathing exhaled air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium reaction that occurs in the blood?

<p>CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 + H+ + HCO3– (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary signal used by chemoreceptors to regulate respiratory rate?

<p>Carbon dioxide levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are peripheral blood sensors located that help regulate respiratory rate?

<p>In the walls of the aorta and carotid arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do changes in pH of CSF affect the respiratory center?

<p>By directly modulating breathing rate to bring pH back to normal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range of urine?

<p>4.5 to 8.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bicarbonate excretion in alkalosis?

<p>It increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased bicarbonate excretion in alkalosis?

<p>It increases H+ concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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