S2 L5: Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Urinary System

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What is the primary reason for the regulation of acid-base balance in the body?

To control body temperature

To regulate heart rate

To maintain optimal enzyme function (correct)

To regulate blood pressure

What is the term used to express the concentration of hydrogen ions in the body fluid?

pKa

pKB

pH (correct)

pOH

What is the result of a high pH in the body fluid?

Alkalosis (correct)

Acidosis

Metabolic pathway

Homeostasis

How many primary systems regulate the H+ concentration in the body fluids?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of slight deviations from normal pH in the body fluid?

Shut down of metabolic pathways Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a low pH corresponding to a high [H+] in the body fluid?

Acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which system can act within a fraction of a second to prevent excessive changes in [H+]?

Acid-base buffer system Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the respiratory center in acid-base balance?

To alter the rate of breathing Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for the kidneys to readjust the [H+] after sudden changes have occurred?

Many minutes to several days Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bicarbonate buffer system?

To maintain blood plasma pH within a normal range Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

To act as a protein buffer Signup and view all the answers

What is the most powerful acid-base regulatory system in the body?

The kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bicarbonate buffer system in the body?

To maintain the body's acid-base homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid in the blood when the pH is within the normal range?

20:1 Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sodium bicarbonate comes into contact with a strong acid, such as HCl?

Carbonic acid and sodium chloride are formed Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sodium in the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system?

To regulate the concentration of bicarbonate ions Signup and view all the answers

What happens when carbonic acid comes into contact with a strong base, such as NaOH?

Bicarbonate and water are formed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of acids in the body that the bicarbonate buffer system helps to neutralize?

Metabolic wastes, such as lactic acid and ketone bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way the respiratory system contributes to acid-base balance in the body?

By regulating the blood levels of carbonic acid Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pH when the CO2 level in the blood rises?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the rate and/or depth of respiration affect the blood pH?

It raises the blood pH Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of excessive deep and rapid breathing (hyperventilation)?

It decreases blood CO2 levels and increases pH Signup and view all the answers

How can brief alkalosis caused by hyperventilation be remedied?

By rebreathing exhaled air Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium reaction that occurs in the blood?

CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 + H+ + HCO3– Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary signal used by chemoreceptors to regulate respiratory rate?

Carbon dioxide levels Signup and view all the answers

Where are peripheral blood sensors located that help regulate respiratory rate?

In the walls of the aorta and carotid arteries Signup and view all the answers

How do changes in pH of CSF affect the respiratory center?

By directly modulating breathing rate to bring pH back to normal Signup and view all the answers