Urinary review
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Urinary review

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Questions and Answers

The kidneys maintain homeostasis by manipulating the composition of a certain substance, in this way the kidneys can regulate things like body acid-base balance and fluid electrolytes balance. What is the substance that the kidneys modify?

  • Serum
  • Blood plasma (correct)
  • Erythropoietin
  • All of the above

    • The kidney must filter enough water and electrolytes out of the blood to equal the amount that is being put into it from other sources. For example, the levels of certain substances in plasma must be maintained within specific narrow concentration limits for health and life to continue. Which of the following is one of these substances?

  • Sodium and potassium
  • Chloride
  • Nitrogenous waste, primarily urea from protein breakdown
  • All of the above (correct)

    • If the body has excess water more urine is formed. What is the corresponding term ?

  • Diuresis (correct)
  • Anuria
  • Oliguria
  • -

    • If the body needs to conserve water, less urine will be produced and the animal will pass little urine. What is the corresponding term?

    <p>Oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the body needs to conserve water less urine will be produced and the animal may not urinate at all. What is the term for this ?

    <p>Anuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys maintain acid-base balance homeostasis by their ability to remove certain ions from the blood and excrete them in urine. By eliminating these ions in the appropriate amounts, blood pH can be maintained in the proper range. Which of the following are the ions eliminated ?

    <p>Acidic hydrogen and basic bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is produced by specialized cells in the kidneys

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary gland (due to influence from the kidney)

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland (due to influence from the kidney)

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the diaphragm contracts the kidneys are pushed caudally, sometimes by nearly half the length of the vertebrae. For this reason when should abdominal radiographs be taken ?

    <p>When the animal has exhaled fully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the urine collection chamber that forms at the beginning of the ureter and is lined with transitional epithelium?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the funnel shaped structure that directs urine into the renal pelvis?

    <p>Calyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does filtration of blood occur?

    <p>Renal corpuscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is plasma forced out of the capillaries into the capsular space of Bowmans capsule ?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid that is filtered out of the blood called?

    <p>Glomerular filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glomerular filtrate passes through the PCT following a twisting path through the cortex. What is the filtrate called once it enters the PCT?

    <p>Tubular filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary site of action of ADH, (Potassium regulation and acid-base balance control are tow other important functions that take place here)

    <p>Collecting ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is the term used to describe how fast plasma is filtered as it passes through the glomerulus. What does the GFR depend on?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how much plasma is removed from the blood every minute?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reduces the volume of glomerular filtrate (urine) produced?

    <p>Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does reabsorption occur from ?

    <p>Tubules of the nephron into peritubular capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does approximately 65% of reabsorption occur?

    <p>PCT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About 80% of a certain substance/s is reabsorbed in the PCT. Which is it

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    100% of a certain substance/s is reabsorbed in the PCT, which is it

    <p>Glucose and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose and amino acids attach to the same carrier protein as sodium and are passively transported into the PCT epithelial cells. What is the name for this action?

    <p>Sodium cotransport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of membrane process does sodium reabsorption require

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [during reabsorption] Which of the following substances follows sodium to balance out the positive charge in the interstitium caused by positive sodium ions being pumped into the interstitial fluid

    <p>Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [in the ascending loop of henle and DCT] Sodium ions are usually exchanged for certain substances then secreted into the tubular filtrate (occurs under the influence of aldosterone) Which of the following IONS is sodium exchanged for

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the reabsorption of potassium take place? [via simple diffusion]

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does most tubular secretion occur? [some of the most important substances eliminated are hydrogen potassium and ammonia]

    <p>DCT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does calcium reabsorption take place? [via unknown mechanism that involves vit D, PTH, and calcitonin]

    <p>PCT, ascending loop of henle and DCT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is magnesium reabsorbed from ? [is increased by PTH]

    <p>PCT, ascending loop of henle and collecting ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hydrogen, potassium and ammonia eliminated by?

    <p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some drugs like penicillin and some sulfonamides eliminated by ?

    <p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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