Opioids PP

Which of the following is a semisynthetic opioid?

What is the major pharmacodynamic difference between synthetic opioids and semisynthetic opioids?

Which alkaloid is present in most opioid agonists?

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of remifentanil administration?

What is the potential disadvantage of remifentanil possessing a short recovery period?

Which administration of remifentanil is NOT recommended?

Which part of the brain primarily contains opioid receptors?

Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for analgesia?

Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for hypoventilation and physical dependence?

What is the main effect of opioids on the cardiovascular system?

Which opioid agonist is 75-125 times more potent than morphine?

Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

Which opioid agonist has a longer elimination half-time than morphine?

Which opioid agonist is commonly administered as a transmucosal preparation?

Which opioid agonist has the greatest affinity for opioid receptors?

Which opioid agonist is associated with a risk of opioid overdose when in contact with an upper body warming blanket?

Which opioid agonist is known to cause bradycardia more prominently than morphine?

Which opioid agonist has the fastest onset of action?

Which opioid side effect is caused by direct stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the floor of the fourth ventricle?

Which opioid side effect is characterized by the dilation of cutaneous vessels with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest?

Which opioid side effect is associated with an increase in the tone and peristaltic activity of the ureter?

Which opioid side effect can occur in neonates when opioids are readily transported across the placenta?

Which opioid agonist has a rapid onset and offset of intense analgesia, reflecting its very prompt effect-site equilibration?

Which opioid agonist has a blood-brain equilibration time similar to that of alfentanil and is 15-20 times as potent as alfentanil?

Which opioid agonist is unique in undergoing metabolism by nonspecific plasma and tissue esterases to inactive metabolites?

Which opioid agonist has a context-sensitive half-time that is independent of the duration of infusion and is estimated to be about 4 minutes?

Which part of the brain primarily contains opioid receptors?

Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for analgesia?

Which opioid side effect is characterized by the dilation of cutaneous vessels with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest?

Which opioid agonist is commonly associated with constipation as a side effect?

Which opioid agonist has a longer elimination half-time than morphine?

Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

Which opioid agonist is associated with a risk of opioid overdose when in contact with an upper body warming blanket?

Which opioid agonist has the fastest onset of action?

Which opioid agonist has the longest elimination half-time?

Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

Which opioid agonist is 75-125 times more potent than morphine?

Which opioid agonist has a faster onset and shorter duration of action than morphine?

Which opioid agonist has a rapid onset and offset of intense analgesia, reflecting its very prompt effect-site equilibration?

Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

Which opioid agonist has a context-sensitive half-time that is independent of the duration of infusion and is estimated to be about 4 minutes?

Which opioid agonist is associated with a risk of opioid overdose when in contact with an upper body warming blanket?

Which alkaloid is naturally occurring in the opium poppy?

What is the chemical modification in heroin compared to morphine?

Which class of opioids is manufactured by synthesis rather than chemical modification of morphine?

Which opioid agonist is commonly used to supplement general anesthesia or as a primary anesthetic in high doses?

Which opioid side effect is characterized by the dilation of cutaneous vessels with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest?

Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

What is the major pharmacodynamic difference between synthetic opioids and semisynthetic opioids?

Which opioid agonist is 75-125 times more potent than morphine?

Which administration of remifentanil is NOT recommended?

What is the potential disadvantage of remifentanil possessing a short recovery period?

Which opioid side effect is characterized by the dilation of cutaneous vessels with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest?

What is the major pharmacodynamic difference between synthetic opioids and semisynthetic opioids?

Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for hypoventilation and physical dependence?

Which opioid agonist has a rapid onset and offset of intense analgesia, reflecting its very prompt effect-site equilibration?

Opioids are unique in producing analgesia without loss of touch, proprioception, or consciousness.

Semisynthetic opioids are manufactured by synthesis rather than chemical modification of morphine.

Synthetic opioids are widely used to supplement general anesthesia or as primary anesthetics in very high doses.

True or false: MAOI's impair the formation of glucuronide conjugates, which can contribute to exaggerated morphine effects.

True or false: Plasma morphine concentrations are greater in the elderly.

True or false: Meperidine shares structural features present in local anesthetics.

True or false: Fentanyl is 75-125 times more potent than morphine.

Opioid receptors primarily found in the brain include the periaqueductal gray, locus ceruleus, and the rostral ventral medulla.

Opioid receptors primarily found in the spinal cord include interneurons and primary afferent neurons in the dorsal horn.

Opioid agonists-antagonists often act on Kappa receptors.

Opioid receptors in sensory neurons and immune cells can be found outside the central nervous system.

True or false: Fentanyl and sufentanil have similar elimination half-times.

True or false: Fentanyl can cause seizures due to its effect on inhibitory neurons.

True or false: Fentanyl can cause bradycardia, leading to occasional decreases in blood pressure and cardiac output.

True or false: Fentanyl does not evoke the release of histamine, unlike morphine.

True or false: Cirrhosis of the liver prolongs the elimination half-time of alfentanil?

True or false: Renal failure alters the clearance or elimination half-time of alfentanil?

True or false: The low pKa of alfentanil results in rapid effect-site equilibration?

True or false: The Vd of alfentanil is larger than that of fentanyl?

True or false: The spinal or epidural administration of remifentanil is recommended for its safety and efficacy?

True or false: Remifentanil administration can lead to nausea, vomiting, and mild decreases in blood pressure and heart rate?

True or false: High-dose remifentanil increases cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic oxygen requirements?

True or false: Opioid agonists can cause an increase in GI secretions and delayed passage of intestinal content towards the colon.

True or false: Opioid agonists can cause an increase in the tone and peristaltic activity of the ureter.

True or false: Opioid agonists can cause cutaneous vessels to dilate with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest.

True or false: Opioid agonists can readily cross the placenta and cause depression in the neonate.