Opioids PP
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a semisynthetic opioid?

  • Codeine (correct)
  • Papaverine
  • Opium
  • Morphine
  • What is the major pharmacodynamic difference between synthetic opioids and semisynthetic opioids?

  • Site of drug effect (correct)
  • Potency
  • Chemical modification
  • Rate of equilibration
  • Which alkaloid is present in most opioid agonists?

  • Codeine
  • Morphine
  • Papaverine
  • Thebaine (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a side effect of remifentanil administration?

    <p>Histamine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential disadvantage of remifentanil possessing a short recovery period?

    <p>Hyperalgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which administration of remifentanil is NOT recommended?

    <p>Spinal administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain primarily contains opioid receptors?

    <p>Periaqueductal gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for analgesia?

    <p>𝜇1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for hypoventilation and physical dependence?

    <p>𝜇2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of opioids on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Increased activity over vagal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is 75-125 times more potent than morphine?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

    <p>Meperidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has a longer elimination half-time than morphine?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is commonly administered as a transmucosal preparation?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has the greatest affinity for opioid receptors?

    <p>Sufentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is associated with a risk of opioid overdose when in contact with an upper body warming blanket?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is known to cause bradycardia more prominently than morphine?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has the fastest onset of action?

    <p>Alfentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid side effect is caused by direct stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the floor of the fourth ventricle?

    <p>Nausea &amp; Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid side effect is characterized by the dilation of cutaneous vessels with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest?

    <p>Cutaneous Changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid side effect is associated with an increase in the tone and peristaltic activity of the ureter?

    <p>Genitourinary System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid side effect can occur in neonates when opioids are readily transported across the placenta?

    <p>Placental Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has a rapid onset and offset of intense analgesia, reflecting its very prompt effect-site equilibration?

    <p>Alfentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has a blood-brain equilibration time similar to that of alfentanil and is 15-20 times as potent as alfentanil?

    <p>Remifentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is unique in undergoing metabolism by nonspecific plasma and tissue esterases to inactive metabolites?

    <p>Remifentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has a context-sensitive half-time that is independent of the duration of infusion and is estimated to be about 4 minutes?

    <p>Remifentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain primarily contains opioid receptors?

    <p>Periaqueductal gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for analgesia?

    <p>Mu1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid side effect is characterized by the dilation of cutaneous vessels with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest?

    <p>Histamine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is commonly associated with constipation as a side effect?

    <p>Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has a longer elimination half-time than morphine?

    <p>Sufentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

    <p>Alfentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is associated with a risk of opioid overdose when in contact with an upper body warming blanket?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has the fastest onset of action?

    <p>Remifentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has the longest elimination half-time?

    <p>Meperidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is 75-125 times more potent than morphine?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has a faster onset and shorter duration of action than morphine?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has a rapid onset and offset of intense analgesia, reflecting its very prompt effect-site equilibration?

    <p>Remifentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

    <p>Alfentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has a context-sensitive half-time that is independent of the duration of infusion and is estimated to be about 4 minutes?

    <p>Remifentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is associated with a risk of opioid overdose when in contact with an upper body warming blanket?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkaloid is naturally occurring in the opium poppy?

    <p>Thebaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical modification in heroin compared to morphine?

    <p>Substitution of acetyl group on carbon 3 and 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of opioids is manufactured by synthesis rather than chemical modification of morphine?

    <p>Synthetic opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is commonly used to supplement general anesthesia or as a primary anesthetic in high doses?

    <p>Synthetic opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid side effect is characterized by the dilation of cutaneous vessels with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest?

    <p>Cutaneous changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major pharmacodynamic difference between synthetic opioids and semisynthetic opioids?

    <p>Semisynthetic opioids have a greater analgesic potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is 75-125 times more potent than morphine?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which administration of remifentanil is NOT recommended?

    <p>Epidural administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential disadvantage of remifentanil possessing a short recovery period?

    <p>Increased risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid side effect is characterized by the dilation of cutaneous vessels with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest?

    <p>Cutaneous vasodilation (flushing)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major pharmacodynamic difference between synthetic opioids and semisynthetic opioids?

    <p>Semisynthetic opioids are derived from natural opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for hypoventilation and physical dependence?

    <p>Mu receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist has a rapid onset and offset of intense analgesia, reflecting its very prompt effect-site equilibration?

    <p>Remifentanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opioids are unique in producing analgesia without loss of touch, proprioception, or consciousness.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Semisynthetic opioids are manufactured by synthesis rather than chemical modification of morphine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synthetic opioids are widely used to supplement general anesthesia or as primary anesthetics in very high doses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: MAOI's impair the formation of glucuronide conjugates, which can contribute to exaggerated morphine effects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Plasma morphine concentrations are greater in the elderly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Meperidine shares structural features present in local anesthetics.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fentanyl is 75-125 times more potent than morphine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opioid receptors primarily found in the brain include the periaqueductal gray, locus ceruleus, and the rostral ventral medulla.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opioid receptors primarily found in the spinal cord include interneurons and primary afferent neurons in the dorsal horn.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opioid agonists-antagonists often act on Kappa receptors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opioid receptors in sensory neurons and immune cells can be found outside the central nervous system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fentanyl and sufentanil have similar elimination half-times.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fentanyl can cause seizures due to its effect on inhibitory neurons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fentanyl can cause bradycardia, leading to occasional decreases in blood pressure and cardiac output.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fentanyl does not evoke the release of histamine, unlike morphine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cirrhosis of the liver prolongs the elimination half-time of alfentanil?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Renal failure alters the clearance or elimination half-time of alfentanil?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The low pKa of alfentanil results in rapid effect-site equilibration?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Vd of alfentanil is larger than that of fentanyl?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The spinal or epidural administration of remifentanil is recommended for its safety and efficacy?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Remifentanil administration can lead to nausea, vomiting, and mild decreases in blood pressure and heart rate?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: High-dose remifentanil increases cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic oxygen requirements?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Opioid agonists can cause an increase in GI secretions and delayed passage of intestinal content towards the colon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Opioid agonists can cause an increase in the tone and peristaltic activity of the ureter.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Opioid agonists can cause cutaneous vessels to dilate with flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Opioid agonists can readily cross the placenta and cause depression in the neonate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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