Rutherford's Nuclear Model of Atom

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What is the relative penetrating power of β-rays compared to α-particles?

500 times

100 times (correct)

10 times

2000 times

What was the main purpose of Rutherford's famous α-particle scattering experiment?

To test the Thomson model of the atom (correct)

To study the properties of α-particles

To develop a new radioactive source

To determine the thickness of gold foil

What was the unexpected result of Rutherford's α-particle scattering experiment?

α-particles were deflected by a wide range of angles

Most of the α-particles were deflected by small angles

Most of the α-particles bounced back, deflected by nearly 180° (correct)

A small fraction of the α-particles was deflected by nearly 180°

What was the approximate thickness of the gold foil used in Rutherford's experiment?

100 nm Signup and view all the answers

How did the researchers observe the α-particles interacting with the gold foil?

By observing the flashes of light on the zinc sulphide screen Signup and view all the answers

What was the ratio of α-particles that bounced back, deflected by nearly 180°, in Rutherford's experiment?

1 in 20,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the brightness or intensity of spectral lines?

The number of photons of the same wavelength or frequency Signup and view all the answers

What is the series of spectral lines that is produced during a transition from n = 5 state to the n = 2 state in the hydrogen atom?

Balmer series Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnitude of the energy associated with the transition from n = 5 state to the n = 2 state in the hydrogen atom?

4.58 × 10^-18 J Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the photon emitted during a transition from n = 5 state to the n = 2 state in the hydrogen atom?

6.91 × 10^14 Hz Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step in developing a better understanding of the structure of complex atoms?

Developing a better theory to explain the salient features of complex atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum value of azimuthal quantum number 'l' for a given value of principal quantum number 'n'?

n - 1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following subshell notations is not correct?

2d Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the principal quantum number 'n' on the size of an orbital?

The size of the orbital increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the energy of an orbital and the principal quantum number 'n'?

The energy of the orbital increases with the increase in 'n' Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of allowed orbitals in a shell with principal quantum number 'n'?

n^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the magnetic orbital quantum number 'm l'?

It gives information about the spatial orientation of the orbital Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate mass of an electron in kilograms?

9.11×10–31 kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the uncertainty principle in the problem of the electron, approximately, in meters per second?

5.79×10^6 m s–1 Signup and view all the answers

If the speed of a golf ball can be measured with an accuracy of 2%, what is the uncertainty in the position of the golf ball?

Cannot be determined with the given information Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum uncertainty in the position of an electron that would allow us to precisely know its velocity, approximately, in meters?

10–8 m Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate uncertainty in the velocity of an electron when its position is measured within a distance of 0.1 Å, in meters per second?

10^6 m s–1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the uncertainty principle in the context of the Bohr model of the atom?

It shows that the classical picture of electrons moving in fixed orbits is no longer valid Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the wave function in describing an electron's energy state?

It contains all information about the electron in that energy state Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of the Schrödinger equation in describing multi-electron atoms?

It cannot be solved exactly for atoms with more than one electron Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the wave function and the probability of finding an electron at a point in an atom?

The probability is proportional to the square of the wave function Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the quantum mechanical results of the hydrogen atom?

They successfully predict all aspects of the hydrogen atom spectrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of atomic orbitals?

They are wave functions that describe one-electron species Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the three quantum numbers in describing an energy state?

They characterize the wave function and corresponding energy state Signup and view all the answers