Russian Language Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which historical event had the MOST significant impact on the divergence of East Slavic dialects into Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian?

  • The orthography reforms after the Russian Revolution in 1917.
  • The reforms by Peter the Great in the 18th century.
  • The rise of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
  • The Mongol invasion in the 13th century. (correct)

How did Peter the Great's reforms influence the Russian language?

  • They introduced a large number of loanwords from languages like Dutch, German, and French. (correct)
  • They led to the simplification of the Cyrillic alphabet.
  • They established Russian as the primary language of the Soviet Union.
  • They decreased the influence of Western European languages.

What role did Alexander Pushkin play in the development of the Russian language?

  • He created the Cyrillic alphabet.
  • He promoted Russian as a language of unity during the Soviet era.
  • He standardized Old East Slavic.
  • He is credited with solidifying the modern literary Russian language. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT an official language of any country?

<p>Ukrainian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of native Russian speakers worldwide as of 2018?

<p>150 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Cyrillic alphabet, what is the primary function of the letters ⟨ъ⟩ (hard sign) and ⟨ь⟩ (soft sign)?

<p>To modify the pronunciation of preceding consonants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Old East Slavic and modern Russian?

<p>Modern Russian is a direct descendant of Old East Slavic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following languages is LEAST closely related to Russian?

<p>German (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors most significantly influences the pronunciation of Russian vowels?

<p>Whether the vowel is stressed or unstressed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does word order in Russian primarily affect a sentence?

<p>It influences the emphasis or focus of the sentence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What grammatical feature distinguishes Russian verbs, indicating whether an action is completed or ongoing?

<p>Aspect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Moscow dialect significant in the context of the Russian language?

<p>It strongly influenced the development of standard Russian. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is согласова́ние (agreement or concordance) in Russian grammar?

<p>The matching of words in gender, number, and case (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical factor primarily accounts for the early influx of Greek loanwords into the Russian language?

<p>The translation of religious texts from Greek. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to voiced consonants at the end of Russian words or before voiceless consonants?

<p>They are devoiced. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of verbs of motion, what key distinction does Russian grammar make?

<p>Whether the motion is definite or indefinite. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Russian grammar directly indicates the function of a word within a sentence?

<p>Grammatical case (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has English most significantly influenced the Russian vocabulary in modern times?

<p>Through technology and business (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Russian?

East Slavic language, native to Russia, most widely spoken Slavic language.

East Slavic languages besides Russian

Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Rusyn.

Native Russian speakers

Around 150 million native speakers worldwide.

Russian dialects

Northern and Southern dialects, modern Russian based on the Moscow dialect.

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Old East Slavic

Spoken in Kievan Rus' from the 10th to 15th centuries, ancestor of modern East Slavic languages.

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Emergence of Russian nation and language

Grand Duchy of Moscow.

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Western European influence

Peter the Great's reforms.

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Cyrillic alphabet

33 letters, including vowels, consonants, and hard/soft sign.

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Vowel Reduction

Vowel sounds change based on stress within a word.

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Inflection

Nouns, pronouns, etc., change form to show grammatical role.

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Russian Cases

Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional.

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Verb Aspect

Whether an action is finished (perfective) or ongoing (imperfective).

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Verbs of Motion

Using different verbs to indicate a specific or non-specific direction of travel.

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Grammatical Gender

Masculine, feminine, and neuter categories that affect agreement.

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Palatalization

Softening of consonants before certain vowels or the soft sign.

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Devoicing

Voiced consonants become voiceless at the end of words.

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Согласова́ние (Agreement)

Matching words in gender, number, and case.

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Loanwords

Words adopted from other languages, adapted to Russian phonetics.

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Study Notes

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Explore the Russian language, an East Slavic language and the largest native language in Europe. Discover its relationship to other Slavic languages and its widespread use in Russia and former Soviet countries. Learn about its diverse dialects and global speakers.

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