Russian Industrialization Overview

<p>They borrowed ideas from western Europe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poverty affecting purchasing capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging heavy industry sectors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By sending students abroad to learn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortages of raw materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They significantly influenced government policies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of compulsory education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gaining access to Taiwan and Manchuria's resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Western calendar and metric system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid information exchange among nations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The loss of the Crimean War (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex legal system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Trans-Siberian Railway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through tariffs to protect Russian industry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Japan relied more on labor than machinery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He promoted railroad building and technical education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8% per year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only one major railroad line existed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron, steel, shipbuilding, chemicals, and railroads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To learn the latest industrial techniques and technologies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of agricultural cooperatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sixfold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imperial conquests were necessitated due to insufficient resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support for key industries like shipbuilding and armaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppression of dissent among workers and peasants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It positioned Japan as a significant industrial and military power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A perceived threat to national security (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eiichi Shibusawa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Textiles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasized the use of human labor over machinery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of Japan's first modern cotton mill (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scarcity of coal and overall means for industrialization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British textile manufacturing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A workforce accustomed to long working hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of Russia's population in 1850 were serfs, bound to the land and controlled by the state or nobility.

Russia's limited education system hampered industrial growth by restricting opportunities for societal advancement. Many people lacked the skills needed for factory work.

The economic landscape in Russia was dominated by a small middle class and limited demand for manufactured goods beyond basic necessities. This hindered the growth of a consumer market, vital for industrial expansion.

The largest industrial region in Russia in 1850 centered around the city of Łódź in Polish territory controlled by Russia. German businessmen owned a majority of these textile mills.

Russia's population was largely impoverished, lacking the financial resources to buy manufactured goods or invest in industrial development, which hindered widespread industrialization.

Russia's Industrial Revolution was slower than in other countries like Britain, Germany, and the US.

A key event that highlighted the need for reform in Russia, leading to an interest in industrialization.

A major hurdle to industrialization in Russia, as the country lacked skilled workers and technicians.

The Trans-Siberian Railway, completed in 1903, connected Moscow to the Pacific Ocean and was a key achievement of Russian industrialization.

The individual instrumental in promoting Russian industrialization through policies like railroad construction, technical schools, and tariffs.

Compared to Germany and the US, the Russian government played a much more direct role in fostering industrialization.

Japan's industrialization focused more on labor and less on machinery, taking a different path compared to Russia, Germany, and the US.

A key factor in the success of both Russia and Japan's industrial revolutions.

The Meiji government prioritized certain industries like steel and shipbuilding, seeing them as crucial for national power. They actively invested in and directed these sectors.

Japan's industrialization was heavily influenced by foreign models. They sent students abroad to learn, imported technologies, and even improved upon them to match their own needs.

Japan's drive for industrialization was linked to military ambitions. They aimed to rival powerful nations like Britain and the United States, requiring a modern army and navy.

Japan's industrial growth led to a demand for resources beyond its borders. This contributed to imperialistic actions, such as wars for acquiring coal and iron ore resources.

Japan's ambition to become a global industrial powerhouse led to a significant increase in its total industrial output between 1870 and 1913, making it a new force on the international stage.

The industrial revolutions across different nations, like Germany, the United States, and Russia, had similarities and shared knowledge across borders.

Governments often played a significant role in influencing their own industrialization, particularly driven by the need for military strength to compete globally.

Acquiring industrial expertise was crucial to Japan's success in industrialization. They sent numerous students abroad to learn the latest technologies and techniques.

The Japanese government actively supported the development of heavy industry sectors like iron, steel, shipbuilding, chemicals, mining, and railroads, believing these industries were crucial for national strength and were too important to be left to private companies.

Japan's pursuit of a modern military to deter powerful nations like Britain and the US led to investments in heavy industry sectors, particularly iron, steel, and shipbuilding.

Japan's rapid industrial growth, which increased six-fold between 1870 and 1913, created a need for additional resources like raw materials, leading to imperial expansion to secure these resources.

The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95 resulted in Japan gaining control of Taiwan and access to Manchuria's coal and iron ore, showcasing how military expansion directly fueled industrial development.

The Meiji reformers implemented changes in education, law, and technology to support industrialization. These included introducing compulsory education, establishing patent laws, founding engineering schools, and adopting Western systems like the metric system.

The industrial revolutions in Germany, the US, Canada, Russia, and Japan shared similarities in their approaches and faced similar challenges. Information and technology were shared among these countries during this period.

The Japanese government heavily invested in building infrastructure like railroads, considering them crucial for transporting goods and materials efficiently.

Japan's aggressive build-up of military production, known as the military-industrial complex, highlights the close relationship between the government, military, and industrial sectors. Military needs influenced and shaped industrial development.

The Meiji Restoration (1868-1912) was a period of rapid modernization in Japan that saw the adoption of Western knowledge and technology.

The perceived threat to national security, stemming from the forced opening of Japan to the West in 1853, spurred the need for modernization and industrialization.

The Meiji Reforms aimed to establish a productive working class, making use of Japan's existing workforce and traditions.

Eiichi Shibusawa, a prominent figure in the Meiji era, played a key role in driving Japan's industrial revolution by establishing various companies.

In the early stages, Japanese industrialization prioritized textiles, mirroring practices in Britain, Germany, and the USA.

Takeo Yamanobe's study of the cotton industry in Manchester led to the establishment of the first modern cotton mill in Osaka in 1882, marking a turning point in Japanese textile production.

Despite its focus on textiles, Meiji Japan's industrial sector differed from European counterparts by employing more human labor instead of steam-powered machinery due to its cost-effectiveness.

The woodblock print depicts Japan's first steam train, showcasing the adoption of British technology in Japan's industrialization phase.