11 Questions
Who developed the Russian current in 1977?
Yakov Kots
What is the frequency of the Russian current?
2500Hz
Russian current is commonly used to weaken muscles.
False
The Russian current is applied as a series of bursts in short pulses with a carrier frequency of $____$.
2500Hz
Match the following regarding Russian current characteristics:
Duty cycle = 50% Amplitude = 70mA Bursts Frequency = 50 Hz
What is the duration of treatment recommended when using Russian current?
10 minutes
What is one of the physiological effects of the Russian current on motor nerve fibers?
Muscle contraction
Russian current can be used to prevent muscle fatigue.
True
Russian current is used to improve muscle strength through tetanic muscle contraction with a pulse rate of $____$.
50Hz
What is the only indication for the use of Russian current?
Strengthen the muscular system of healthy and athletic persons
Where is it contraindicated to use Russian current?
Over the area of impaired skin sensation
Study Notes
Russian Current
- Developed by Russian physiologist Yakov Kots in 1977
- A polyphasic alternating sinusoidal medium frequency (2500 Hz) current applied in a series of bursts (short pulses)
Characteristics
- On/Off Ratio: 10ms:10ms
- Duty cycle: 50%
- Carrier Frequency: 2500 Hz (2.5 KHz)
- Waveform: Polyphasic sinusoidal
- Current Amplitude: Maximum 100mA, clinically used at 70mA
- Bursts Frequency: 50 Hz
- Burst Duration: 10ms
- Ramp-up and down: 1-2 seconds
- Duration of treatment: 10 minutes
Training Protocol
- Prevent muscle fatigue: (10/50/10) protocol
- 10: one muscle contraction lasting 10 seconds
- 50: off time (no contraction) lasting 50 seconds
- 10: cycle repeated for 10 times
- Amplitude/Intensity: 70mA (strong but comfortable muscle contraction)
- Pulse rate (frequency): 50-70 Hz (tetanic muscle contraction)
Physiological Effects
- Depends on the total number of bursts delivered per second
- Can depolarize sensory and motor nerve fibers
- Causes moderate prickling sensation and muscle contraction
- Contraction is painless due to blocked pain gate
Therapeutic Clinical Uses
- Improve muscle strength:
- Amplitude: Tetanic muscle contraction
- Pulse rate (Burst freq): 50 Hz
- Rule applied: (10/50/10)
- Treatment time: 10 minutes/session, 3-5 days/week for 6 weeks
- Reduce edema:
- Amplitude: Small visible muscle contraction
- Pulse rate (Burst freq): 35-50 Hz
- Rule applied: On: Off Time (1-2 seconds on, 1-2 seconds off)
- Treatment time: 10-15 minutes/session, 3-5 days/week for 6 weeks
Indications
- Strengthens the muscular system of healthy and athletic persons
- Used after knee ligament surgery, arthroscopic knee surgery, ligament sprain, and post-casting
Contraindications
- Over the anterior cervical area
- Over the lumbar or abdominal area during pregnancy
- Over hemorrhagic area
- Over neoplastic area
- Over metallic and electronic implant
- Over area of impaired skin sensation
Russian current is a type of medium frequency stimulation used to strengthen muscles and re-educate muscle groups after nerve damage. It was developed by Yakov Kots in 1977.
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