Russia 1894-1945 Exam Overview

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What was the primary focus of Nicholas II's autocracy and the court?

Social and military reforms

Foreign policy expansion

Economic development

Consolidation of power (correct)

What was the outcome of the 1905 Revolution?

Rise of the Bolsheviks

October Manifesto (correct)

Establishment of the Provisional Government

Abdication of Nicholas II

What was a key feature of Stalin's rule as a dictator?

Promoting individual freedoms

Encouraging economic decentralization

Implementing democratic reforms

The control of the Communist party over government (correct)

What was a major aspect of Stalin's rule?

The Terror and the Purges Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Provisional Government's failure?

Rise of the Bolsheviks Signup and view all the answers

What was a key area of focus for the Bolsheviks?

Growth of revolutionary opposition Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the success of the Red Guards in taking control of strategic locations on the night of November 6, 1917?

They had a large number of members, with over 800,000 Bolsheviks Signup and view all the answers

What was announced by the Petrograd Soviet on November 7, 1917?

The Revolution of workers, soldiers, and peasants Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of Lenin and Trotsky's peace talks with Germany?

To stall for time until Germany was defeated or Communist revolutions occurred elsewhere Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the decrees announced by Lenin's government?

The redistribution of land from the Tsar and Church to the peasants Signup and view all the answers

What was the main concern of many in the Soviet, including Bolsheviks, regarding the peace talks with Germany?

That the idea of surrender was unacceptable Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the labor reforms introduced by Lenin's government?

A 48-hour working week with holidays Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the implementation of War Communism?

Massive famines that claimed approximately 7 million Russian lives Signup and view all the answers

What was the Kronstadt Uprising?

A naval base uprising by historically communist supporters Signup and view all the answers

What was the name given to Petrograd from 1924?

Leningrad Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of GOELRO in Lenin's planning?

It led to the development of 13 electrification projects Signup and view all the answers

Who was the leader of Leningrad Soviet and a popular ally of Stalin?

Kirov Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated number of Communist Party members arrested and killed or sent to Gulags?

500k Signup and view all the answers

What was the New Economic Policy (NEP)?

A policy of small-scale capitalism Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Lenin's planning in the late 1920s?

It led to the development of Stalin's 5-year plans Signup and view all the answers

How many army officers were killed in the purge of 1937?

25k Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated number of people sent to Gulags?

18 million Signup and view all the answers

How did some members of the Bolshevik Party react to the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP)?

They burnt their party cards and left the party Signup and view all the answers

How many people died in the Gulags by 1937?

8 million Signup and view all the answers

What event in 1911 is seen as a catalyst for the Russian revolution?

The murder of a prominent figure, possibly by Tsarist aristocrats Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Russian army's performance in 1915?

Massive defeats, including 250,000 dead at Tannenburg and Masurian Lakes Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the peasants leaving their fields to fight in the war, according to historians Dower and Markevich?

A 3% reduction in grain production Signup and view all the answers

What was the main concern of the aristocrats regarding the Tsar's reforms?

That the reforms would lead to a loss of power and influence Signup and view all the answers

What was the state of the Russian economy by 1917?

Struggling, with widespread starvation and poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate number of Russian soldiers dead by November 1916?

1,700,000 Signup and view all the answers