26 Questions
According to the text, what is the recommended usability factor for the number and orientation of runways at an aerodrome?
More than 95 percent
What is one of the important factors that affect the determination of the orientation, siting, and number of runways?
Wind distribution
Where can guidance on addressing noise problems be found?
Airport Planning Manual (Doc 9184)
According to the text, what is the minimum radius of curvature for a slope with a code number of 2?
30,000 m
According to the text, what is the recommended transverse slope for a runway with a code letter of A or B?
2%
According to the text, what is the distance between the points of intersection of two successive curves for a slope with a code number of 3?
15,000 m
According to the text, what is the recommended transverse slope for a runway with a code letter of C, D, E, or F?
1.5%
According to the Airport Services Manual (Doc 9137), what is the recommended minimum average surface texture depth for a new runway surface?
1.0 mm
According to the Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), what is the recommended overall width of runway shoulders for code letter F aeroplanes with four (or more)-engined aeroplanes?
75 m
According to the Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), what is the recommended maximum transverse slope for the surface of a runway shoulder that abuts the runway?
2.5%
According to the Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), what is the recommended minimum overall width of a runway shoulder for code letter F aeroplanes?
60 m
Which one of these is the correct recommendation for the width of a precision approach runway when the code number is 1 or 2?
30 m
What is the minimum distance between the center lines of parallel non-instrument runways when the higher code number is 1?
120 m
What is the maximum allowable longitudinal slope for a runway when the code number is 4?
1.25%
What is the maximum allowable slope change between two consecutive slopes for a runway when the code number is 1 or 2?
1.5%
According to the text, what is the minimum lateral distance a strip including a non-precision approach runway should extend on each side of the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length of the strip, when the code number is 1 or 2?
40 m
According to the text, what is the minimum lateral distance a strip including a non-instrument runway should extend on each side of the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length of the strip, when the code number is 3 or 4?
75 m
According to the text, what should be done with an object situated on a runway strip that may endanger airplanes?
It should be regarded as an obstacle and removed.
According to the text, what is the maximum recommended intersection angle of a runway turn pad with the runway?
30 degrees
What is the recommended maximum nose wheel steering angle for the design of a runway turn pad?
45 degrees
What is the clearance distance between any wheel of the aeroplane landing gear and the edge of the turn pad when the cockpit of the aeroplane remains over the turn pad marking?
3 m
What is the minimum width of the shoulders for a runway turn pad recommended to prevent surface erosion and foreign object damage?
Wider than the associated runway shoulders
According to the text, what is the maximum crosswind component allowed for aeroplanes with a reference field length of 1,500 m or over?
37 km/h (20 kt)
What is the recommended length for a primary runway?
The longest length determined by applying corrections for local conditions to the operations and performance characteristics of the relevant aeroplanes
What is the recommended length for a secondary runway?
Adequate for those aeroplanes which require to use that secondary runway in addition to the other runway or runways
What factors need to be considered when determining the actual length of a primary runway?
Elevation, temperature, runway slope, humidity, and runway surface characteristics
Study Notes
Aerodrome Design Recommendations
- The recommended usability factor for the number and orientation of runways at an aerodrome is 95%.
- One important factor affecting the determination of the orientation, siting, and number of runways is wind direction.
Runway Slope and Orientation
- The minimum radius of curvature for a slope with a code number of 2 is 1500 m.
- The recommended transverse slope for a runway with a code letter of A or B is 1.5%.
- The recommended transverse slope for a runway with a code letter of C, D, E, or F is 1.0%.
- The distance between the points of intersection of two successive curves for a slope with a code number of 3 is 1500 m.
Runway Surface and Shoulders
- The recommended minimum average surface texture depth for a new runway surface is 0.5 mm.
- The recommended overall width of runway shoulders for code letter F aeroplanes with four (or more)-engined aeroplanes is 7.5 m.
- The recommended maximum transverse slope for the surface of a runway shoulder that abuts the runway is 2.5%.
- The recommended minimum overall width of a runway shoulder for code letter F aeroplanes is 3.5 m.
Runway Width and Separation
- The recommended width of a precision approach runway when the code number is 1 or 2 is 45 m.
- The minimum distance between the center lines of parallel non-instrument runways when the higher code number is 1 is 210 m.
Runway Slope and Gradient
- The maximum allowable longitudinal slope for a runway when the code number is 4 is 0.8%.
- The maximum allowable slope change between two consecutive slopes for a runway when the code number is 1 or 2 is 0.5%.
Runway Strip and Obstacles
- The minimum lateral distance a strip including a non-precision approach runway should extend on each side of the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length of the strip, when the code number is 1 or 2, is 75 m.
- The minimum lateral distance a strip including a non-instrument runway should extend on each side of the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length of the strip, when the code number is 3 or 4, is 150 m.
- Any object situated on a runway strip that may endanger airplanes should be removed or relocated.
Runway Turn Pad Design
- The maximum recommended intersection angle of a runway turn pad with the runway is 90 degrees.
- The recommended maximum nose wheel steering angle for the design of a runway turn pad is 45 degrees.
- The clearance distance between any wheel of the aeroplane landing gear and the edge of the turn pad when the cockpit of the aeroplane remains over the turn pad marking is 2.5 m.
- The minimum width of the shoulders for a runway turn pad recommended to prevent surface erosion and foreign object damage is 5 m.
Crosswind Component and Runway Length
- The maximum crosswind component allowed for aeroplanes with a reference field length of 1,500 m or over is 13 m/s.
- The recommended length for a primary runway is 1500 m.
- The recommended length for a secondary runway is 1200 m.
- Factors to consider when determining the actual length of a primary runway include the type of aeroplanes using the runway, the elevation of the aerodrome, and the temperature of the air.
Test your knowledge on runway turn pads and their location with this quiz. Learn about the factors that determine the positioning of turn pads and why the left side is often preferred.
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