Questions and Answers
Which chamber of the compound stomach is responsible for the enzymatic destruction of carbohydrates with the help of microbes?
In domestic ruminants, which chamber has a glandular mucosa and is comparable to the simple stomach of a horse or dog?
In the compound stomach of domestic ruminants, which chamber is referred to as the forestomach or proventriculus?
Which chamber of the compound stomach lies on the right side?
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What is the function of the cardiac sphincter and the oblique entrance of the esophagus in relation to vomiting?
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What is the function of the cardiac glands in the stomach?
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In which species is gastric volvulus relatively common, especially in large breeds?
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Which part of the stomach is lined by non-glandular mucosa and is homologous to the forestomach of ruminants?
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What is the main function of parietal cells in the stomach?
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In which species does the stomach have a C-shaped configuration with a narrow lumen and a deep angular notch?
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Why is it important to consider the stomach's capacity when administering a nasogastric tube in horses?
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Where does the cardiac opening, consisting of bundles of circular smooth muscle fibers, lie?
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In ruminants, which compartment is considered the true stomach?
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Where does the greater curvature of the simple stomach extend from and to?
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Which part of the simple stomach serves as the attachment site of the greater omentum?
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What is unique about the proximal three compartments (rumen, reticulum, omasum) in ruminants?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Sphincter and Stomach Structure
- The cardiac sphincter is well-developed, which, along with the oblique entrance of the esophagus, is thought to be responsible for the inability to vomit.
Compound Stomach of Ruminants
- The stomach of domestic ruminants consists of four chambers: rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.
- Rumen, reticulum, and omasum are referred to as the forestomach (proventriculus) and have non-glandular mucosa.
- The abomasum has a glandular mucosa and is comparable to the simple stomach of horses and dogs.
Location of Stomach Chambers
- Rumen lies on the left side.
- Reticulum lies on the cranial side.
- Omasum lies on the right side.
- Abomasum lies ventrally.
Rumen
- It is a large, laterally compressed sac that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic inlet, filling the left half of the abdominal cavity.
- The fundus is a blind, expanded portion of the stomach on the left side adjacent to the cardia.
Simple Stomach
- The simple stomach has a J-shaped curved sac structure.
- It consists of the greater curvature, lesser curvature, cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
Gastric Glands
- The stomach can be divided into three regions based on the distribution of different types of gastric glands.
- The region of cardiac glands secretes mucus for protection.
- The region of fundic (gastric) glands has neck cells that produce mucus, chief cells that produce pepsinogen, and parietal cells that produce chloride and hydrogen.
Species Differences
- Dog: the stomach is C-shaped, with a wide cardia, which may be related to the ease of vomiting.
- Cat: the stomach is C-shaped but has a narrower lumen than the dog, with a deep angular notch.
- Horse: the stomach is small, with a capacity of 5-15 L, and has a blind sac (saccus caecus) lined by non-glandular mucosa homologous to the forestomach of ruminants.
- In ruminants, the proximal three compartments (rumen, reticulum, and omasum) are non-glandular and are called the forestomach or proventriculus, while the distal compartment (abomasum) is glandular and is called the true stomach.
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Description
Learn about the anatomy of ruminants and horse stomach, including the unique structure with non-glandular and glandular compartments. Understand the parts of a simple stomach, including the greater curvature and lesser curvature.
