Ruminant Bloat: Causes and Prevention

What is the predominant cause of bloat in cattle?

What is the annual mortality rate from bloat in dairy cows in some pastoral areas?

Why is eructation inhibited in primary ruminal tympany or frothy bloat?

What is the major cause of sudden death in feedlot cattle?

What is the primary function of poloxalene in treating legume bloat?

Why are ionophores like monensin used in preventing bloat?

What is the characteristic feature of primary or frothy bloat in ruminants?

What additional measure can reduce the risk of bloat when strip grazing is practiced?

What is the role of antifoaming agents in treating free-gas bloat in ruminants?

What is believed to be the primary foaming agent in the rumen?

What is the effect of feeding on bloat occurrence?

Which pastures are most likely to cause bloat?

Why do legume forages such as sainfoin and crown vetch not cause bloat?

What is thought to be the cause of foam in feedlot bloat?

What can cause physical obstruction of eructation in secondary ruminal tympany?

What may cause chronic ruminal tympany?

What may interrupt the normal reflex essential for escape of gas from the rumen?

'Chronic ruminal tympany is relatively frequent in calves up to 6 months old without apparent cause.' What does this imply?

Why is frothy bloat also seen in feedlot cattle?

What is the recommended emergency procedure if the cannula fails to reduce the bloat and the patient's life is threatened?

What is recommended when the animal's life is not immediately threatened?

What type of antifoaming agent is effective in treating legume bloat but not feedlot bloat?

What method is recommended to prevent pasture bloating when the bloat potential is high?

What is the withholding time for Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate when administered as an antibloat remedy?

Which type of pasture is less likely to cause bloat?

What is the most reliable method to prevent pasture bloating in grassland countries such as Australia and New Zealand?

What is the common feature of effective antifoaming agents mentioned in the text?

What can be done to reduce the risk of bloat when turning cattle on pasture?

What method may be less reliable when the pasture is in the prebloom stage and the bloat potential is high?

What intervention provides short-term relief for cases of free-gas bloat associated with external obstruction of the esophagus?

What method is ideal for strip grazing but not when grazing is uncontrolled?

What is a common cause of sudden death in feedlot cattle?

When does bloat commonly begin in lactating dairy cattle when turned onto a bloat-producing pasture?

What are the key clinical signs of bloat progression in cattle?

How soon may death occur after grazing begins in cattle affected by bloat?

What are the necropsy findings characteristic of bloat in cattle?

How is primary ruminal tympany (frothy bloat) confirmed?

What is the immediate relief measure for secondary ruminal tympany (free-gas bloat)?

What is the standard-sized instrument used for emergency relief of free-gas bloat?

What is the potential complication associated with emergency rumenotomy for life-threatening cases of bloat?

What is the key reason for making an incision through the skin before inserting a larger-bore instrument for emergency relief of free-gas bloat?

What should be ascertained by clinical examination when diagnosing secondary bloat?