Ruminant and Poultry Gastrointestinal Health Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which dental problem is specific to male horses?

  • Overgrowth where teeth don't contact
  • Stepped molar arcade
  • Points, hooks, and wave mouth (correct)
  • Uneven tooth wear

    • What is the primary method for diagnosing esophageal obstruction (choke) in horses?

  • Auscultation-percussion
  • NG tube insertion (correct)
  • Rectal palpation
  • Sucussion

    • Which medication is used to reduce skeletal muscle tone in the proximal ⅓ of the esophagus during esophageal obstruction (choke) treatment?

  • Sucralfate
  • Buscopan
  • Oxytocin (correct)
  • Bethanechol

    • Which organ is located in the lower right quadrant of a cow's abdomen?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for ruminal acidosis in horses?

    <p>Sudden change in amount or type of carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical signs of equine liver disease?

    <p>Weight loss, anorexia, icterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for equine proliferative enteropathy (Lawsonia intracellularis)?

    <p>Clarithromycin and doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of equine colitis?

    <p>Clostridium infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for gastric ulcers in horses?

    <p>Sugar beet pulp consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for equine liver disease-induced hyperammonemia?

    <p>Lactulose and metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical location of a non-strangulating lesion in the small intestine of horses?

    <p>Ileal impaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of acute necrotizing hepatitis in horses?

    <p>Clostridium piliforme (Tyzzer's disease)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of malabsorption in equine gastrointestinal diseases?

    <p>Physical damage to the villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of neurologic signs in horses with E. coli infection?

    <p>Toxin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for diagnosing equine coronavirus infection?

    <p>Thickened small intestine wall on ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for equine intestinal neoplasia?

    <p>Exploratory surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical sign of ruminant gastrointestinal diseases?

    <p>Reduced fecal output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease causes enlarged nerves, atrophic bursa, and diffuse lymphoid tumors in poultry?

    <p>Marek's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a systemic disease in poultry caused by Pasteurella multocida?

    <p>Fowl cholera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for managing pododermatitis in poultry?

    <p>Addressing infectious and non-infectious gastrointestinal signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of displaced abomasum in ruminants?

    <p>Nutritional factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease can cause neonate diarrhea in cattle?

    <p>E. coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of low-threshold receptors in the ruminant GI system?

    <p>Increase rumen motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of managing ruminant gastrointestinal health?

    <p>Monitoring rumen fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can vesicular lesions be diagnosed in ruminants?

    <p>Differentiating between foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), vesicular stomatitis (VS), and malignant catarrhal fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of infectious enteric diseases in cattle?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method for managing parasitic diseases in poultry?

    <p>Prevention involving rotation and deworming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of fowl cholera in poultry?

    <p>Systemic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is often markedly increased in Chronic Active Hepatitis?

    <p>GGT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary histopathological finding in the liver biopsy of Chronic Active Hepatitis?

    <p>Biliary hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred antibiotic treatment for Chronic Active Hepatitis based on culture and sensitivity?

    <p>Antibiotics excreted in bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of hyperammonemia in equine hepatic disease?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnostic method for hepatic encephalopathy in horses?

    <p>Blood ammonia level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign is a specific indicator of hepatic encephalopathy in horses?

    <p>Icterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical sign of hepatic insufficiency in horses?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for confirming hepatic insufficiency in horses?

    <p>Clinical chemistry findings of hepatic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a less common sign of hepatic insufficiency in horses?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most specific indicator of hepatic disease in horses?

    <p>Icterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is hepatoprotective for chronic liver disease in horses?

    <p>Silymarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for severe hypertriglyceridemia in horses?

    <p>TG &gt; 500 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can manifest as reduced water and feed intake, depression, diarrhea, colic, fever, ventral edema, and cachexia in horses?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What promotes gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis in horses?

    <p>Hormone Sensitive Lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause chronic megalocytic hepatopathy in horses?

    <p>Senecio spp and Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result in cholelithiasis and liver disease in horses?

    <p>Trifolium and Alsike clover ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with acute hepatic diseases in horses?

    <p>Equine parvovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause chronic active hepatitis in horses?

    <p>Autoimmune factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ponies, miniature horses, and donkeys predisposed to due to negative energy balance?

    <p>Severe hypertriglyceridemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by progressive liver failure in horses?

    <p>Chronic active hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is known to reduce hepatic fibrosis in horses?

    <p>Pentoxyfylline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with hepatic diseases in horses?

    <p>Equine parvovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of Roxy's neurologic signs and laboratory abnormalities?

    <p>Portosystemic shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which liver-specific enzyme has a longer half-life and is a marker of cholestasis?

    <p>Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the treatment for liver disease in horses?

    <p>Support liver regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is a marker of acute or ongoing hepatocellular necrosis or damage with a short half-life?

    <p>Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the prolonged jugular refill time in Roxy?

    <p>Hepatic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is a marker of cholestasis and has a longer half-life compared to other liver-specific enzymes?

    <p>Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for reducing ammonia production in horses with hepatic disease?

    <p>Lactulose (oral)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the hyperammonemia in Roxy?

    <p>Portosystemic shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) as a marker of hepatic disease?

    <p>Marker of ongoing hepatocellular necrosis or damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the icteric sclera and hyperemic mucous membranes in Roxy?

    <p>Hepatic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the elevated serum bile acids in Roxy?

    <p>Cholestasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary goals of the exploratory laparotomy in horses with colic?

    <p>To identify the portions of the GI tract that are accessible and create a reasonable post-operative monitoring and treatment plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that determine whether a resection is required during an exploratory laparotomy for colic in horses?

    <p>Factors that determine whether a resection is required or not and create a reasonable post-operative monitoring and treatment plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the lecture series on GI disorders in horses?

    <p>Disorders of the GI tract by location and basic principles for performing an exploratory laparotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main learning objective by the end of the lecture series on GI disorders in horses?

    <p>Identify factors that go into the decision for taking a horse to surgery for colic and describe the approach for an exploratory laparotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for managing cecal impaction non-responsive to medical torsion management in large colon surgery?

    <p>Typhlotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary closure material used for linea closure after completion of surgery?

    <p>Vicryl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary post-operative management for recovery after surgery?

    <p>Intravenous fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for reducing ammonia production in horses with hepatic disease?

    <p>Diet modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary closure material used for subcutaneous tissue after completion of surgery?

    <p>Monocryl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for diagnosing equine coronavirus infection?

    <p>PCR testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the elevated serum bile acids in horses?

    <p>Cholestasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for managing pododermatitis in poultry?

    <p>Clean and dry environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exploratory laparotomy for equine gastrointestinal surgery, what is the recommended method for exteriorizing the large colon?

    <p>Gently place onto a colon tray between back legs or to the side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor in determining whether to resect or leave in place a lesion in the small intestine during equine gastrointestinal surgery?

    <p>Length and location of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for evaluating the health of the bowel during equine gastrointestinal surgery?

    <p>Clinical assessment including color of serosa, mucosa, and motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the equine gastrointestinal tract cannot be exteriorized during exploratory laparotomy?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for evaluating the extent of compromised bowel during equine gastrointestinal surgery?

    <p>Identify good blood supply to the ends staying in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for managing post-operative adhesions in the small intestine after equine gastrointestinal surgery?

    <p>Decompress small intestine into the cecum (gas, fluid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for evaluating the health of vasculature during equine gastrointestinal surgery?

    <p>Clinical assessment including pulse quality and edema in perivascular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for evaluating the health of the vasculature during equine gastrointestinal surgery?

    <p>Clinical assessment including pulse quality and edema in perivascular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for confirming hepatic insufficiency in horses?

    <p>Histopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for equine liver disease-induced hyperammonemia?

    <p>Hypertonic saline and/or isotonic fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for diagnosing equine coronavirus infection?

    <p>Clinical assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the hyperammonemia in Roxy?

    <p>Liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of laparoscopic surgery in horses?

    <p>Minimizing post-operative complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of laparoscopy over laparotomy in horses?

    <p>Reduced risk of incisional complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in deciding resection during equine laparoscopic surgery?

    <p>Size of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common post-operative complication after equine laparoscopic surgery?

    <p>Short-term feeding intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor influencing the prognosis for specific conditions in equine laparoscopic surgery?

    <p>Size of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of laparoscopic surgery in horses?

    <p>Minimally invasive exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of laparoscopy compared to laparotomy in horses?

    <p>Longer hospital stay duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration in the transition to home after equine laparoscopic surgery?

    <p>Timing for returning to feeding post-surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in the instrumentation used in equine laparoscopic surgery?

    <p>Minimizing tissue handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of gentle tissue handling during equine laparoscopic surgery?

    <p>Promoting faster recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical criterion for the dosage and duration of antibiotics for post-surgery treatment in horses?

    <p>Size of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor in the criteria and timing for returning to feeding post-surgery in horses?

    <p>Size of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ruminant Gastrointestinal Diseases and Health Management

    • Low-threshold receptors in the GI system increase rumen motility, while high-threshold receptors decrease motility.
    • Clinical signs of ruminant GI diseases include abdominal distension, pain, diarrhea, reduced fecal output, weight loss, inappetence, and bottle jaw.
    • Diagnosis of vesicular lesions involves differentiating between foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), vesicular stomatitis (VS), and malignant catarrhal fever.
    • Poultry gastrointestinal diseases include enteric diseases like rotavirus, reovirus, astrovirus, and avian nephritis virus.
    • Marek's disease in poultry causes enlarged nerves, atrophic bursa, and diffuse lymphoid tumors, leading to lifelong carriers shedding.
    • Avian nervous system diseases include encephalomalacia from vitamin E deficiency, muscular dystrophy, avian encephalomyelitis, and botulism.
    • Fowl cholera is a systemic disease in poultry caused by Pasteurella multocida, while fowl typhoid, paratyphoid, colibacillosis, and erysipelas are also prevalent.
    • Parasitic diseases in poultry include mites, helminths, coccidiosis, and histomoniasis, with prevention involving rotation and deworming.
    • Pododermatitis in poultry can be managed by addressing infectious and non-infectious gastrointestinal signs, which have multifactorial root causes related to nutrition, housing, normal flora, and pathogens.
    • Management of ruminant gastrointestinal health involves monitoring rumen fermentation, VFA production, saliva as a buffer, primary and secondary contractions, and health metrics like appetite and production.
    • Displaced abomasum in ruminants is caused by nutritional factors and can lead to subclinical ketosis and hypocalcemia, presenting with clinical signs like large L-shaped rumen and abdominal fill despite poor appetite.
    • Infectious enteric diseases in cattle cause diarrhea, which is an indicator of gastrointestinal health and can be managed through optimized growth and proper measurement of milk replacer. Neonate diarrhea can be caused by E. coli, Salmonella, and coronavirus, leading to gastric and glandular mucosal lesions.

    Equine Hepatic Diseases Overview

    • Pentoxyfylline 8 mg/kg po q12h reduces hepatic fibrosis in horses
    • Silymarin from milk thistle seed extract is hepatoprotective for chronic liver disease in horses
    • Stress, illness, late gestation, and early lactation can manifest as reduced water and feed intake, depression, diarrhea, colic, fever, ventral edema, and cachexia in horses
    • Hyperlipidemias in horses are classified as mild hypertriglyceridemia (TG 100 - 500 mg/dL) and severe hypertriglyceridemia (TG > 500 mg/dL)
    • Hormone Sensitive Lipase promotes gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis in horses
    • Ponies, miniature horses, and donkeys are predisposed to severe hypertriglyceridemia due to negative energy balance
    • Excessive TG and VLDL production in horses with insulin resistance and obesity leads to hyperlipemia
    • Chronic megalocytic hepatopathy in horses is stimulated by Senecio spp and Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants, leading to megalocytosis, biliary hyperplasia, and fibrosis
    • Clover poisoning in horses, caused by Trifolium and Alsike clover ingestion, can result in cholelithiasis and liver disease
    • Tyzzers disease, bacterial hepatitis, and Theiler's Disease are acute hepatic diseases in horses with distinct clinical presentations and prognoses
    • Equine parvovirus, flaviviruses, and equine hepacivirus are associated with hepatic diseases in horses
    • Chronic active hepatitis in horses can be idiopathic or caused by autoimmune, hypersensitivity, bacterial, or viral factors and is characterized by progressive liver failure

    Equine Laparoscopic Surgery Overview

    • Dosage and duration of antibiotics for post-surgery treatment
    • Criteria and timing for returning to feeding post-surgery
    • Transitioning to home and expected hospital stay duration
    • Short-term and long-term complications after surgery
    • Expected outcomes after surgery, including survival rates
    • Prognosis for specific conditions and types of lesions
    • Indications and applications of laparoscopic surgery in horses
    • Instrumentation used in laparoscopic surgery
    • Advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopy compared to laparotomy
    • Common post-operative complications and reasons for surgery
    • Importance of gentle tissue handling during surgery
    • Factors influencing resection decisions during surgery

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of ruminant and poultry gastrointestinal diseases and health management with this quiz. Explore topics such as clinical signs, diagnosis, infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, and management strategies for maintaining gastrointestinal health in livestock.

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