Abomasal Impaction in Cattle: Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of rumen impaction in cattle?

Accumulation of indigestible materials (correct)

Dietary deficiencies

Infectious diseases

Genetic disorders

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign of rumen impaction?

Increased ruminal motility (correct)

Pale mucous membrane

Absence of rumination

Reduced ruminal motility

What is the most common age group affected by rumen impaction?

Adult cattle (correct)

Older cattle

Calves

Pregnant cows

What is the likely cause of hypoproteinemia in rumen impaction?

Dietary malnutrition and stress reaction to infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rumen impaction on milk yield?

Reduced milk yield Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of hypocalcaemia in rumen impaction?

Dietary deficiency and failure of calcium absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of neutrophilia in rumen impaction?

Presence of foreign bodies and sloughing Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rumen impaction on defecation?

Complete cessation of defecation Signup and view all the answers

What is the commonly observed nasal discharge in cattle with dietary abomasal impaction?

Mucoid nasal discharge Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pH range of the ruminal fluid in cattle with dietary abomasal impaction?

6.5-7.0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the rumen in cattle with dietary abomasal impaction?

It is static and distended with dry contents Signup and view all the answers

What is the common location of the impacted abomasum in cattle?

Right lower quadrant Signup and view all the answers

What is the common outcome in cattle with sand impaction?

Death in a few weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the common laboratory finding in cattle with dietary abomasal impaction?

Metabolic alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the omasum in cattle with dietary abomasal impaction?

It may be enlarged and impacted Signup and view all the answers

What is the common finding in the GI tract beyond the pylorus in cattle with dietary abomasal impaction?

It is characteristically empty Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for the clinical diagnosis of dietary abomasal impaction?

Nutritional history and clinical evidence of impaction Signup and view all the answers

In cases of dietary abomasal impaction, which of the following is a poor treatment risk?

Cows with a severely impacted abomasum and marked tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of medical treatment in dietary abomasal impaction?

To determine the treatment response of the animal Signup and view all the answers

In which cases is surgical emptying of the abomasum necessary?

Only in cattle with severe impaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended administration rate of balanced electrolyte solutions in dietary abomasal impaction treatment?

80-120 mL/kg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended administration rate of mineral oil in dietary abomasal impaction treatment?

4 L/day for 3 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended administration route of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) in dietary abomasal impaction treatment?

Into the abomasum during standing right flank laparotomy Signup and view all the answers

Why should dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) not be administered intraperitoneally (IP) in dietary abomasal impaction treatment?

Because it can kill rumen protozoa Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of hypophosphatemia in affected animals?

Shortage of feeds, especially of minerals and vitamins Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible reason for rumen impaction in stray cattle?

Scavenging on refuse dumps Signup and view all the answers

When do pregnant beef cows typically develop b-Impaction of the abomasum?

During cold winter months when cattle have decreased water intake Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of abomasal impaction?

Varying degrees of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of abomasal impaction related to?

Diet Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of severe abomasal impaction?

Irreversible abomasal atony Signup and view all the answers

What develops due to the continual secretion of ions into the abomasum?

Alkalosis and hypochloremia Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible effect of sequestration of potassium ions in the abomasum?

Hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rumen Impaction

Rumen impaction is the accumulation of indigestible materials in the rumen, leading to distension of the rumen and passing of scanty or no feces.
Indigestible foreign bodies (IFB) such as polythene bags, metallic objects, fibers, and hair balls can cause rumen impaction.
IFB are more common in females than males, and 91.02% of cases occur in adult cattle.
Clinical signs of rumen impaction include pale mucous membrane, absence of rumination, and reduced ruminal motility.
Complete cessation of rumination, impacted rumen, atony, and reduced rumen motility are also observed.
Rumen impaction can cause depression, anorexia, reduced milk yield, abdominal distension, and loss of defecation.
Blood biochemical changes, such as highly significant decreases in hemoglobin, PCV, and total erythrocytic count, with leukocytosis and normocytic normochromic anemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypocalcemia, may be observed in some cases.

Impaction of the Abomasum

Impaction of the abomasum develops in pregnant beef cows during cold winter months when cattle have decreased water intake and are fed poor-quality roughage.
The cause of dietary abomasal impaction is due to consumption of excess roughage low in both digestible protein and energy.
Impaction with sand can occur if cattle are fed hay or silage on sandy soils, or root crops that are sandy or dirty.
Outbreaks may affect up to 15% of all pregnant cattle on individual farms when the ambient temperature drops to -2°C or lower for several days.
The pathogenesis is related to diet, and the abomasum becomes impacted, leading to sub-acute obstruction of the upper GI tract.
Ions of hydrogen and chloride are continually secreted into the abomasum, resulting in alkalosis with hypochloremia.
Varying degrees of dehydration develop, and fluids are not moving beyond the abomasum into the duodenum for absorption.
Sequestration of potassium ions in the abomasum results in hypokalemia.

Clinical Findings and Lesions

Complete anorexia, scant feces, moderate distension of the abdomen, weight loss, and weakness are usually the initial signs of dietary abomasal impaction.
Body temperature is usually normal but may be subnormal during cold weather.
A mucoid nasal discharge tends to collect at the external nares and on the muzzle.
The heart rate may be increased, and mild dehydration is common.
The rumen is usually static and distended with dry contents, but it may contain excess fluid if the cow has been fed finely ground feed.
The pH of the ruminal fluid is usually normal (6.5-7).
Protozoal activity in the rumen ranges from normal to a marked reduction in numbers and activity.
The impacted abomasum is usually in the right lower quadrant on the floor of the abdomen.
Deep palpation and strong percussion of the right flank may indicate the presence of a large, firm mass (impacted abomasum).

Diagnosis and Treatment

Clinical diagnosis of dietary abomasal impaction is based on the nutritional history, clinical evidence of impaction, and laboratory results.
The challenge is to recognize the cases of dietary abomasal impaction that will respond to treatment and those that will not.
Medical treatment usually requires a confirmed diagnosis via right-side laparotomy.
In cows that are treated, the metabolic alkalosis, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and dehydration should be corrected.
Lubricants can be used in an attempt to move the impacted material.
Balanced electrolyte solutions are infused IV continuously for up to 72 hours at a daily rate of 80-120 mL/kg.
Mineral oil can be administered at 4 L/day for 3 days.
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) can be injected once into the abomasum during standing right flank laparotomy at 60-100 mL of a 25% solution for a 450-kg animal.

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Description

Learn about rumen impaction, a condition caused by indigestible materials in the rumen, leading to distension and reduced feces. Identify clinical signs and common causes in cattle.

Rumen Impaction in Cattle

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