Rubella Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the viral infection with its corresponding characteristic:

Measles = Highly contagious, viral infection Mumps = General Characteristics Rubella = Diminutive of morbus, a disease which signifies a minor disease Morbillivirus = Derived from a Middle English word, 'Maseles'

Match the viral infection with its corresponding clinical presentation:

Measles = Epidemiology Mumps = Complications Rubella = Laboratory Diagnosis Morbillivirus = Pathogenesis

Match the viral infection with its corresponding treatment and prevention method:

Measles = Viral Replication Mumps = Treatment and Prevention Rubella = Structures Morbillivirus = Clinical Presentations

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Primary viremia = Occurs 2 to 4 days after exposure and involves infection of local lymphatic tissues Secondary viremia = Occurs 5 to 7 days after exposure and involves spread to other tissues Prodromal period = Period of infection to the appearance of the rash, characterized by fever, sneezing, and coughing Exanthem period = Characterized by the appearance of maculopapular rash due to the interaction of immune T cells with virus-infected cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their descriptions:

Koplik's spots = Pathognomonic for measles, found in the buccal mucous membrane adjacent to the molar teeth Lymphopenia = Characterized by low levels of lymphocytes in the blood Conjunctivitis = Common complication of measles, leading to purulent discharge from the eyes Otitis media = Complication of measles involving inflammation of the middle ear Signup and view all the answers

Match the following complications with their descriptions:

Pneumonia = Life-threatening infection occasionally seen in immunodeficient children, a common complication of measles Diarrhea - dehydration = Complication of measles leading to dehydration due to fluid loss Encephalitis = Complication involving brain swelling, occurring in 1/1000 cases of measles SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis) = Rare complication characterized by behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures years after acute infection Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their characteristics:

Atypical/Modified measles = Occurs in partially immune persons, with mild signs and symptoms and usually absent Koplik spots Complications = Most measles-related deaths are caused by these, including pneumonia, conjunctivitis, and encephalitis Giant cell pneumonia = Life-threatening infection occasionally seen in immunodeficient children, a complication of measles Post-infection encephalitis = Occurs in 1/1000 cases, characterized by behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures years after an acute infection Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements about measles, mumps, and rubella with the correct virus:

Measles is caused by a single positive strand RNA virus = Rubella Mumps is predominantly an infection of children = Measles Rubella is also called Rubeola = Mumps Measles starts at 6 to 9 months of age = Rubella Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the correct virus:

Transmission: Person-to-Person (respiratory droplets, saliva, direct contact, fomites) = Mumps Natural Host: Humans = Measles Enveloped, pleomorphic with icosahedral nucleocapsid = Rubella Only one serotype restricted to human infections = Measles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following complications with the correct virus:

Meningitis = Measles Tinnitus & Deafness = Mumps Blindness = Rubella Orchitis = Measles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laboratory diagnosis methods with the correct virus:

Virus Isolation = Mumps Serology = Measles PCR = Rubella None of the above = Measles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following heart-related diseases in congenital syndrome with the correct virus:

Patent Ductus Arteriosus = Rubella Valvular Stenosis = Measles Ventricular Septal Defect = Mumps Pulmonary Atresia = Measles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements about viremia with the correct virus:

During primary viremia, the virus spreads and replicates in the blood = Rubella In secondary viremia, infected persons begin to shed the virus from the nasopharynx 6-14 days after exposure for 3-8 days after rash onset = Measles The first statement is correct and the second statement is incorrect = Mumps Both statements are incorrect = Measles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with the correct virus:

H protein = Mumps Neuraminidase = Measles L protein = Rubella Nucleocapsid = Mumps Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stage of pregnancy with the correct description:

First 8 weeks of pregnancy = Organogenesis period First 12 weeks of pregnancy = Not organogenesis period 13th-20th week of pregnancy = Not organogenesis period Not of the above = Not organogenesis period Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements about active immunization with the correct virus:

Active immunization for Rubella gives lifelong immunity to an individual = Rubella True = Measles False = Mumps Not of the above = Measles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following classical triad with the correct virus:

Cataracts = Rubella Congenital defects = Measles Cardiac abnormalities = Mumps Two of the choices = Measles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statement about the Urabe strain with the correct virus:

The Urabe strain for Mumps vaccine has an appreciable incidence of post-vaccination meningitis = Mumps Mumps V antigen and S antigen both consist predominantly of nucleoprotein (NP) = Measles The first statement is correct and the second statement is incorrect = Rubella Both statements are incorrect = Measles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vaccinations with the correct age group:

Any measles-containing vaccine given at 4 to 6 years old should be revaccinated with 2 doses of MMR vaccine = Measles Measles vaccine is a type of live attenuated vaccine that starts at 6 to 9 months of age = Rubella The first statement is correct and the second statement is incorrect = Mumps Both statements are incorrect = Measles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their corresponding manifestation in progressive degenerative CNS disease resulting from persistent measles infection:

Loss of intellectual capacity before motor activity = Initial symptom Involuntary movements, muscular rigidity, and coma = Late-stage symptom Behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures = Characteristic symptoms Progressive mental deterioration = Common symptom Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding facts about measles infection:

Natural infection confers lifelong immunity = Immunity after natural infection Presence of humoral antibodies indicates immunity = Indication of immunity Infection causes immune suppression = Consequence of infection Measles occurs 4 to 17 years after acute infection = Onset of the disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diagnostic methods with their description in the diagnosis of measles infection:

Serology (ELISA) = Most widely used laboratory technique Immunofluorescence = Identifies Koplik’s spots and atypical measles Isolation and genetic determination = Utilized for new serotypes or strains Signup and view all the answers

Match the following epidemiological terms with their corresponding descriptions in the context of measles infection:

Transmission: Respiratory droplets = Mode of transmission Incidence: Sporadic outbreaks = Frequency of occurrence Mortality: increase in < 1-year-old and malnourished = Impact on specific groups Communability: 4 days before and after onset of rash = Period of communicability Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding facts about measles vaccination:

Endemic infections punctuate every two to three years in developed countries = Pre-vaccination scenario Herd immunity is achieved when the majority of susceptible hosts have contracted the disease = Outcome without intervention Vigorous vaccination campaigns have reduced measles epidemics in USA and European countries = Impact of vaccination Measles becomes endemic only in countries with large populations providing a continuing supply of susceptible children = Endemic conditions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laboratory diagnosis methods with their characteristics in diagnosing measles infection:

Serology (ELISA) = Detects IgM or four-fold increase in antibody Isolation and genetic determination = Performed when new serotypes or strains are suspected Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding facts about measles immunity:

IgM is the first antibody that appears in an acute infection = Characteristics of IgM Four-fold rise in antibody is indicative of a viral disease = Significance of antibody increase Cellular immunity is important for recovery and protection = Role of cellular immunity Patients with defective cell-mediated immunity do not develop rashes = Effect of immune deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding facts about measles symptoms:

Atypical measles cause inflammation in the capillary producing IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies = Symptoms associated with atypical measles Replication of virus within monocytes and other WBC depresses cell-mediated response to other antigens = Effect on immune response Cytotoxic T lymphocyte, specifically directed against measles and protein in infected cells, are important in the recovery process = Role of T lymphocytes Infection causes serious secondary infections due to immune suppression = Consequence of immune response Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions in the overview of measles infection:

Highly infectious = Characteristic of measles Before widespread use of vaccines, endemic infections attacked the 3-5-year-old cohort every two to three years = Pre-vaccination scenario Outbreaks may occur if there is a re-emergence of a new susceptible group of children = Cause of outbreaks Communities confined in small spaces = Condition for endemicity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding facts about measles outbreaks:

Endemic infections punctuate every two to three years in developed countries = Pre-vaccination scenario Outbreaks may occur if there is a re-emergence of a new susceptible group of children = Cause of outbreaks Without intervention, herd immunity is achieved when the majority of susceptible hosts have already contracted the disease = Outcome without intervention Vigorous vaccination campaigns have reduced measles epidemics in USA and European countries = Impact of vaccination Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding facts about measles transmission:

Highly infectious = Characteristic of measles Transmission: Respiratory droplets = Mode of transmission Communability: 4 days before and after onset of rash = Period of communicability Mortality: increase in < 1-year-old and malnourished = Impact on specific groups Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their corresponding facts about measles impact on specific groups:

Mortality: increase in < 1-year-old and malnourished = Impact on specific groups Before widespread use of vaccines, endemic infections attacked the 3-5-year-old cohort every two to three years = Pre-vaccination scenario Outbreaks may occur if there is a re-emergence of a new susceptible group of children = Cause of outbreaks Communities confined in small spaces = Condition for endemicity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following measles virus proteins with their functions:

Nucleoprotein (N) = Encodes the RNA genome Hemagglutinin (H) = Mediates virus attachment to host cells Fusion (F) protein = Facilitates viral entry into host cells Matrix (M) protein = Plays a role in virus assembly and budding Signup and view all the answers

Match the following measles virus replication stages with their descriptions:

Virus attachment = Binding of virus to host cell receptor Transcription = Synthesis of viral RNA from the viral genome RNA replication = Generation of multiple copies of viral RNA genome Maturation = Assembly of new virus particles and release from host cell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following clinical symptoms of measles with their descriptions:

Koplik's spots = Small white spots on the inside of the cheek Coryza = Inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose Maculopapular rash = Flat, red area of skin that is covered with small bumps Desquamation = Shedding of the outer layers of skin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following complications of measles with their descriptions:

Immunosuppression = Reduction in the effectiveness of the immune system Bronchopneumonia = Inflammation of the lungs affecting the bronchioles and alveoli Opportunistic infections = Infections caused by pathogens that usually do not cause disease in a healthy immune system Antigenic drifts = Gradual accumulation of mutations in the virus leading to changes in antigenicity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics of measles virus with their descriptions:

Transmission through respiratory secretions = Spread primarily via coughing and sneezing Replication restricted to humans = Virus can only infect human hosts Shedding from the nasopharynx = Virus is released from the upper part of the throat behind the nose Epidemiologic tracking through sequencing analysis = Using genetic variations to trace the origin and spread of outbreaks Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of measles infection with their features:

Incubation period = Time between exposure to the virus and onset of symptoms Prodromal period = Early stage of infection with non-specific symptoms Generalized infection = Manifestation of the virus throughout the body Recovery phase = Period when symptoms start to fade and recovery begins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct information about rubella:

Measles still has a high incidence in infants in third world countries = False Diagnosis of rubella requires laboratory investigation as clinical diagnosis is unreliable = True Congenital rubella syndrome can be diagnosed through viral isolation, specific IgM and IgG detection, and placental detection = True The measles vaccine has been available for routine immunization since 1969, with lifelong immunity and a 95% protective antibody after the 1st dose = False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following manifestations with the correct information about rubella in infants:

85% of infants are affected during the 1st trimester, with manifestations such as intrauterine growth retardation and deafness = True Risk of structural abnormalities decreases with gestational age, with the highest risk in the 1st trimester = True Measles may lead to persistent infection causing clinical problems later in life, such as diabetes mellitus and chronic thyroiditis = False The vaccine is effective in preventing congenital rubella and reducing the virus reservoir in the child population = False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct information about rubella treatment and prevention:

Treatment for rubella is mainly supportive, with no specific therapy available for acquired or congenital infection = True Control of rubella includes passive prophylaxis through human immunoglobulin and active immunization with live virus strain = True The measles vaccine is contraindicated in many immunocompromised patients and pregnant women, and vaccination in non-pregnant women is recommended to avoid conception for at least 3 months = False Laboratory diagnosis includes isolation from clinical specimens and serology = False Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Rubella: Diagnosis, Congenital Syndrome, Treatment, and Prevention

Measles still has a high incidence in infants in third world countries
85% of infants are affected during the 1st trimester, with manifestations such as intrauterine growth retardation and deafness
Measles may lead to persistent infection causing clinical problems later in life, such as diabetes mellitus and chronic thyroiditis
Risk of structural abnormalities decreases with gestational age, with the highest risk in the 1st trimester
Diagnosis of rubella requires laboratory investigation as clinical diagnosis is unreliable
Laboratory diagnosis includes isolation from clinical specimens and serology
Congenital rubella syndrome can be diagnosed through viral isolation, specific IgM and IgG detection, and placental detection
Treatment for rubella is mainly supportive, with no specific therapy available for acquired or congenital infection
Control of rubella includes passive prophylaxis through human immunoglobulin and active immunization with live virus strain
The measles vaccine has been available for routine immunization since 1969, with lifelong immunity and a 95% protective antibody after the 1st dose
The measles vaccine is contraindicated in many immunocompromised patients and pregnant women, and vaccination in non-pregnant women is recommended to avoid conception for at least 3 months
The vaccine is effective in preventing congenital rubella and reducing the virus reservoir in the child population

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