AUBF LECTURE MIDTERMS

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary method used to identify granular casts?

Differentiating between coarse and fine granules

Gram stain (correct)

Polarized microscopy

Reporting the average number per low-power field

What is the distinguishing feature of fatty casts?

Clumps of small crystals and columnar renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells

Widening of the tubular walls

A ground glass appearance with jagged edges and notches

A protein matrix with attached fat droplets and oval fat bodies (correct)

What is the primary method used to confirm the presence of fatty casts?

Sudan III or Oil Red O staining (correct)

Polarized microscopy

Reporting the average number per low-power field

Gram stain

What is the distinguishing feature of broad casts?

Widening of the tubular walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of error when identifying granular casts?

Fibers and fecal material Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of cast that can appear in a broad form?

Waxy cast Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of glomerular diseases?

Immune system disorder Signup and view all the answers

What happens when antigen and antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane?

It causes damage to the tissue or organ Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the glomerular basement membrane becomes thickened due to protein precipitation?

Hyalinization Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common finding in glomerular disorders?

Immune complex deposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of immune complex deposition in the glomerular basement membrane?

It causes a thickening of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell is described as being a variation of the squamous epithelial cell?

Renal tubular epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of transitional epithelial cells (urothelial)?

Ciliated Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential source of error when identifying transitional epithelial cells?

Mistaking them for spherical forms of RTE cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about renal tubular cells (RTE)?

They are involved in the reabsorption of the glomerular filtrate Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential characteristic of renal tubular cells in cases of viral hepatitis?

They appear deep yellow due to absorbed bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Transitional epithelial cells are reported as an average number per 10 high power fields (HPFs) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Renal Tubular Epithelial (RTE) cells is correct?

They have irregular cytoplasm and prominent nuclei. Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Transitional Epithelial (Urothelial) cells?

They are the smallest cells found in urine sediment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Oval Fat Bodies?

They are highly refractile and stain orange-red with fat stains. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells absorb bilirubin, resulting in a deep yellow color?

Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Granular casts?

They are formed from reabsorption of the glomerular filtrate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells is associated with Gardnerella Vaginalis infection?

Clue cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the major constituent of mucus found in urine sediment?

Uromodulin Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite is associated with bladder cancer?

Schistosoma haematobium Signup and view all the answers

Which organism has a 'darting motility' and is pear-shaped?

Trichomonas vaginalis Signup and view all the answers

In what type of urine are abnormal crystals only present?

Acidic urine Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is commonly observed in urine sediment and is associated with bladder cancer?

Squamous epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source of error when examining mucus in urine sediment?

Hyaline casts Signup and view all the answers