RSV Vaccines Breakthrough
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Questions and Answers

What is RSV commonly known to cause in babies?

  • Severe pneumonia
  • Mild, coldlike symptoms
  • Heart conditions
  • Inflammation of small airways in the lungs (correct)

    • What was a major reason for the failure of the RSV vaccine development in the past?

  • The vaccine was not tested on a large enough population
  • The vaccine elicited weak antibodies that failed to stop the virus (correct)
  • The vaccine was too expensive to produce
  • The vaccine was made from a genetically modified version of the virus

    • What is a characteristic of the RSV vaccines currently in clinical trials?

  • They cause serious side effects in the elderly
  • They safely protect the elderly and infants from severe disease (correct)
  • They are only effective against RSV in people under 60
  • They are only effective against mild symptoms

    • What is a benefit of one of the RSV vaccines?

    <p>It protects infants for 6 months when given to their mothers during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did a clinical trial of an experimental RSV vaccine candidate fail over 50 years ago?

    <p>It killed two children and hospitalized 80% of those who received it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of RSV infection in the elderly?

    <p>Worsening of existing lung and heart conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advance in 2013 led to the development of new vaccines?

    <p>Figuring out how to lock a protein into its prefusion state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the viral surface protein after it docks onto a cellular receptor?

    <p>It changes its shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Bavarian Nordic's RSV vaccines for older adults?

    <p>They are in efficacy trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did GSK stop its maternal RSV vaccine in February?

    <p>Due to unspecified 'safety signals' in clinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of the current vaccine trials?

    <p>Some vaccines may receive approval from regulators around the world next year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of this year's trials run by GSK and Pfizer?

    <p>The vaccines performed well in the earlier phases of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Group 1 in the study of viruses?

    <p>Human Papillomavirus (HPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary topic of discussion in the provided literature?

    <p>Vaccine Immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a virus being studied in one of the groups?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the article discussing 'beyond binding' in infectious diseases?

    <p>Beyond binding: antibody effector functions in infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organization providing links to relevant literature?

    <p>World Health Organization (WHO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the section in Vaccine Immunology discussing general aspects of vaccination?

    <p>Section 1: General aspects of vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which viruses infect a host?

    <p>Attachment and entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine is most suitable for immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Inactivated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using inactivated vaccines?

    <p>They produce weak antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between passive and active immunization?

    <p>Method of immune system activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus is more prone to mutations?

    <p>RNA viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential advantage of administering vaccines through a nasal spray?

    <p>Enhanced mucosal immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Influenza virus?

    <p>It has a high mutation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are vaccinations for the elderly and children crucial for RSV?

    <p>Because they are the most susceptible populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in developing current vaccines for Sars-Cov-2?

    <p>The virus has a high mutation rate and is novel, leading to distrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of understanding viral infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a focus of vaccine development?

    <p>Developing vaccines that can adapt to viral mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration in vaccine development?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the RSV vaccine development was derailed for decades?

    <p>The vaccines elicited weak antibodies that failed to stop the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of one of the RSV vaccines in protecting infants?

    <p>It can be given to mothers late in pregnancy to pass antibodies to their fetuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common outcome of RSV infection in the elderly?

    <p>It worsens existing lung and heart conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the clinical trials of the two RSV vaccines?

    <p>They safely protected people over 60 and infants without causing serious side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome of RSV infection in babies?

    <p>It leads to inflammation of small airways in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timeframe for which one of the RSV vaccines protected infants when given to their mothers late in pregnancy?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of defining learning goals in the assignment?

    <p>To determine the general and specific learning goals for each expert group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the general learning goals and the specific learning goals in the assignment?

    <p>The specific learning goals are a subset of the general learning goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the new vaccines are able to trigger higher levels of potent antibodies?

    <p>The protein is locked into its prefusion state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company stopped its maternal RSV vaccine in February due to safety concerns?

    <p>GSK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the expert groups in the assignment?

    <p>To answer both the general learning goals and a set of related specific learning goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Bavarian Nordic's RSV vaccines for older adults?

    <p>They have efficacy trials underway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of finding additional scientific sources focused on the group's virus?

    <p>To support the answers to the general and specific learning goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classical 7-step procedure used for in the assignment?

    <p>To discuss the case in a structured and organized manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the advance made by Barney Graham and co-workers in 2013?

    <p>They figured out how to lock the protein into its prefusion state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common aspect of the RSV vaccines currently in development?

    <p>They all trigger high levels of potent antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of the assignment?

    <p>A discussion of the case following the classical 7-step procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of the current vaccine trials?

    <p>Several of the candidate vaccines will receive approval from regulators next year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal for each student at the end of the second tutorial group meeting?

    <p>To have a comprehensive understanding of vaccination against viral diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the task of each expert group?

    <p>To prepare a document of max. 4 pages on the topic of vaccination against viral diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 2 multiple choice questions at the end of each presentation?

    <p>To initiate a discussion on the topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does each expert group have to prepare their document and presentation?

    <p>Until the working day before the day of the second tutorial group meeting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the document prepared by each expert group?

    <p>To distribute it to all other tutorial group members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the study by Sarkander et al. in Nat Rev Immunol?

    <p>Humoral immune memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main topic of discussion in the review by Poland et al. in Vaccine?

    <p>Personalized vaccinology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the guide to vaccinology by Andrew J. Pollard and Else M. Bijker?

    <p>Basic principles of vaccinology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the review by Ed C. Lavelle and Ross W. Ward in Nature Reviews Immunology?

    <p>Mucosal vaccines development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main topic of discussion in the review by Cécile Viboud et al.?

    <p>Evolutionary considerations for universal influenza vaccine development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the study by Bastola et al. in Arch Pharm Res?

    <p>Vaccine adjuvants and immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advance made by Barney Graham and co-workers in 2013 that led to the development of new vaccines?

    <p>Figuring out how to lock the protein into its prefusion state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Bavarian Nordic's RSV vaccines for older adults?

    <p>Efficacy trials are underway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why GSK stopped its maternal RSV vaccine in February?

    <p>Unspecified safety signals surfaced in clinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of the current vaccine trials?

    <p>Several vaccines will receive approval from regulators next year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of the new vaccines in terms of antibody production?

    <p>They trigger far higher levels of potent antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the viral surface protein in the development of RSV vaccines?

    <p>It changes its shape after docking onto a cellular receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary mechanism by which the inactivated RSV vaccine contributed to airway damage in previous clinical trials?

    <p>It elicited weak antibodies that failed to stop the virus and assisted in airway damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are RSV vaccines particularly important for the elderly and infants?

    <p>Because they are more susceptible to severe disease and have underlying health conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of RSV infection in infants?

    <p>It inflames small airways in the lungs, leading to severe disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why RSV vaccine development was stalled for decades?

    <p>The inactivated vaccine candidate from the past clinical trial caused serious harm to children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the study by Beyond Binding in infectious diseases?

    <p>Antibody effector functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of administering the RSV vaccine to pregnant women?

    <p>It passes antibodies to the fetus, providing protection for 6 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization provides links to relevant literature on vaccination and immunization?

    <p>World Health Organization (WHO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the large-scale clinical trials of the two RSV vaccines?

    <p>They safely protected the elderly and infants without causing serious side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of harnessing the beneficial heterologous effects of vaccination?

    <p>To reduce the risk of infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is not being studied in one of the groups?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aspect of vaccination discussed in section 1 of Vaccine Immunology?

    <p>General aspects of vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of understanding the beneficial heterologous effects of vaccination?

    <p>Reduced risk of infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Toll-like receptors in the context of vaccine development?

    <p>To enhance the immune response to viral antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using nasal spray as a route of administration for vaccines?

    <p>It elicits a mucosal immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of using live attenuated vaccines?

    <p>They can mutate and revert to their virulent form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which viruses infect a host?

    <p>Attachment and fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between passive and active immunization?

    <p>Mechanism of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for adding adjuvants to inactivated vaccines?

    <p>To increase the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of defining general learning goals and specific learning goals per group in the assignment?

    <p>To define the scope of the presentation and document</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of each expert group in the assignment?

    <p>To research and prepare a presentation on a specific virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of finding additional scientific sources focused on the group's virus?

    <p>To broaden the group's understanding of the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 7-step procedure in the assignment?

    <p>It is a framework for discussing the case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the general learning goals and specific learning goals per group?

    <p>General goals are more general, while specific goals are more specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of each expert group's document and presentation?

    <p>To discuss the assigned virus following the 7-step procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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