Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common gastrointestinal sign of adverse food reactions in dogs and cats?
What is a common gastrointestinal sign of adverse food reactions in dogs and cats?
Which size range of protein allergens is most commonly associated with allergic reactions?
Which size range of protein allergens is most commonly associated with allergic reactions?
What role do antibodies play in the development of allergies?
What role do antibodies play in the development of allergies?
Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous sign of adverse food reactions?
Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous sign of adverse food reactions?
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What factor can influence whether a protein allergen can cross the gut barrier?
What factor can influence whether a protein allergen can cross the gut barrier?
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What is one of the primary roles of the skin in terms of sensation?
What is one of the primary roles of the skin in terms of sensation?
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Which of the following functions is primarily associated with skin's barrier capability?
Which of the following functions is primarily associated with skin's barrier capability?
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What is the skin an indicator of?
What is the skin an indicator of?
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How does the skin contribute to temperature regulation?
How does the skin contribute to temperature regulation?
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Which of the following substances is NOT stored in the skin?
Which of the following substances is NOT stored in the skin?
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What role does the skin play in immunoregulation?
What role does the skin play in immunoregulation?
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Which vitamin is produced by the skin?
Which vitamin is produced by the skin?
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What is the primary focus of nutritional support for dermatological diseases?
What is the primary focus of nutritional support for dermatological diseases?
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What is the main reason for using separate feeding equipment for a pet undergoing an elimination diet trial?
What is the main reason for using separate feeding equipment for a pet undergoing an elimination diet trial?
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Which nutrient is NOT listed as beneficial for skin and coat recovery in pets?
Which nutrient is NOT listed as beneficial for skin and coat recovery in pets?
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What common protein is most likely to cause an adverse food reaction (AFR) in both dogs and cats?
What common protein is most likely to cause an adverse food reaction (AFR) in both dogs and cats?
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What is the recommended duration for a food elimination trial to determine adverse food reactions?
What is the recommended duration for a food elimination trial to determine adverse food reactions?
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What two methods are suggested for determining an adverse food reaction in pets?
What two methods are suggested for determining an adverse food reaction in pets?
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What is the primary purpose of including Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids in a dog's diet?
What is the primary purpose of including Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids in a dog's diet?
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Which type of dietary trial is stated as the best protocol for identifying adverse food reactions?
Which type of dietary trial is stated as the best protocol for identifying adverse food reactions?
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Which amino acids are specifically mentioned as important for supporting skin health in dogs?
Which amino acids are specifically mentioned as important for supporting skin health in dogs?
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What is termed as the most common form of dermatological issue in pets?
What is termed as the most common form of dermatological issue in pets?
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During an elimination diet trial, what is critical to do with feeding items after every meal?
During an elimination diet trial, what is critical to do with feeding items after every meal?
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What environmental allergens may trigger atopic dermatitis in dogs?
What environmental allergens may trigger atopic dermatitis in dogs?
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What is a common characteristic of atopic dermatitis in dogs?
What is a common characteristic of atopic dermatitis in dogs?
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How long should a diet ideally be maintained to support skin health during skin cycles?
How long should a diet ideally be maintained to support skin health during skin cycles?
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Which of the following could be a potential cause of pruritis in dogs?
Which of the following could be a potential cause of pruritis in dogs?
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What role does skin barrier function play in the health of dogs with atopy?
What role does skin barrier function play in the health of dogs with atopy?
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What types of diseases may also be involved in causing symptoms of pruritis aside from external parasites?
What types of diseases may also be involved in causing symptoms of pruritis aside from external parasites?
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What is the primary function of the dermis layer in the skin?
What is the primary function of the dermis layer in the skin?
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Which layer of the skin is responsible for the storage of fat?
Which layer of the skin is responsible for the storage of fat?
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What percentage of body weight does the skin account for in an adult dog?
What percentage of body weight does the skin account for in an adult dog?
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What components primarily make up the skin barrier?
What components primarily make up the skin barrier?
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Which of the following is true about hair composition in dogs?
Which of the following is true about hair composition in dogs?
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How long does a complete skin renewal cycle typically take?
How long does a complete skin renewal cycle typically take?
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What critical role does the epidermis layer play in the skin?
What critical role does the epidermis layer play in the skin?
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What happens if the mortar of the skin barrier is weak?
What happens if the mortar of the skin barrier is weak?
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What is the only reliable method to identify a nutrient intolerance in cats and dogs?
What is the only reliable method to identify a nutrient intolerance in cats and dogs?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of hydrolysed diets?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of hydrolysed diets?
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What is a major disadvantage of the novel protein diet?
What is a major disadvantage of the novel protein diet?
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How long should an appropriate exclusion diet be fed to adequately assess nutrient intolerance?
How long should an appropriate exclusion diet be fed to adequately assess nutrient intolerance?
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What is a common challenge associated with conducting elimination trials?
What is a common challenge associated with conducting elimination trials?
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What potential issue could arise over time when using a novel protein diet?
What potential issue could arise over time when using a novel protein diet?
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Which of the following statements about hydrolysed diets is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about hydrolysed diets is TRUE?
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Which statement accurately describes hydrolysed proteins?
Which statement accurately describes hydrolysed proteins?
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Study Notes
Royal Canin Dermatology Notes
- Royal Canin is a division of Mars Petcare
- Nutritional support for dermatological patients is the topic
- Dr Jon Lewis, PhD, MSc, BSc, VBM, is the presenter
Learning Objectives
- Explain the role of nutrition in dermatological diseases, focusing on atopic dermatitis and food allergies
- Describe the method for dietary modification related to dermatological diseases, including a diet trial
- Discuss dietary modification options for dogs and cats
Functions of the Skin
- Secretion and excretion: Natural skin oils and waste products
- Barrier: Internal and external protection
- Indicator: Health status
- Storage: Fats, proteins, electrolytes
- Sensation: Heat, cold, pain, pressure, itch
- Immuno-regulation
Structure of the Skin
- Epidermis: 5 layers of cells, thickest on footpads, contains keratin and melanin
- Dermis: Elastic connective tissue, with blood and lymph vessels, and nerves
- Hypodermis: Fat storage, blood vessels, nerves, attaches to underlying tissues
Focus on the Skin Barrier
- Skin barrier is made up of corneocytes (bricks) and a lamellar lipid layer (mortar)
- What happens if the mortar (lipid matrix) isn't strong?
Skin and Coat Facts
- Skin accounts for 24% of a new-born puppy's weight and 12% of an adult dog's weight
- Skin cells multiply rapidly, needing many nutrients
- Hair is ~90% protein; high amounts of specific amino acids (methionine, cysteine)
- Skin and coat need 30-35% daily protein
Nutritional Considerations
- High-quality, highly digestible protein
- Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids (Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA), Linoleic Acid (LA))
- Specific amino acids (methionine, cysteine)
- Vitamins and minerals
- Feed for two skin cycles
Canine Skin Care
- Images of various skin conditions, before and after treatment
What Could Be Causing Pruritis?
- External parasites and infectious causes (fleas, demodex)
- Environmental atopic dermatitis
- Nutrient intolerance/food allergies/adverse food reactions (AFR)
- Endocrine or autoimmune diseases
Atopic Dermatitis (AtopY)
- Inflammatory and pruritic skin condition
- Genetically predisposed to inhalant or cutaneous environmental allergens (grass, pollen, dust, feathers)
- Rhinitis, asthma may also occur
- Alteration of skin barrier common
- Long-term support (medications)
- Nutritional recommendations
Adverse Food Reaction (AFR)
- Reactions include poisoning, nutrient intolerance, or severe allergic reactions
- Can lead to pruritic dermatitis (skin irritation) with scratching and/or gastrointestinal signs (mostly diarrhea and vomiting)
- Prevalence of cutaneous AFR in dogs is nearly 20% in pruritic or allergic skin issues
Allergens
- Allergies develop due to prior exposure of an allergen
- Allergens are usually proteins of a specific size (15-40 kDa)
- Large allergens may not cross the gut barrier, small allergens may not be recognized
- Common/Less common allergens and their molecular weight
Top Allergenic Protein Sources
- Graphs comparing top sources in dogs and cats
How Do You Identify Nutrient Intolerance?
- Tests like serology are unreliable for food allergies
- Eliminations trials are the most reliable method (6-8 weeks)
- Two types of exclusion diets: novel protein and hydrolyzed diets
- Challenge with a protein source the pet hasn't been exposed to
Hydrolysed Diets vs Novel Protein Diet
- Novel protein diets are cheaper and have less processing involved
- Hydrolyzed diets are more expensive and have fewer wet options, shorter trial periods reducing risk of non-compliance, and reduced likelihood of adverse reactions
What Are Hydrolysed Proteins?
- Proteins are broken down into smaller peptides and amino acids, reducing the likelihood of immune reactions
Elimination Diet Trial Protocol
- 8-week elimination diet
- 4-weeks monitoring for improvements in clinical signs, scoring, and photos
- Challenge period (max 2 weeks) monitoring for deterioration
- 2-week re-stabilization period monitoring for improvements
Question Time: What Needs to Go in the "Lockbox"?
- Prescription medications, supplements, dental products, treats, and human foods
Practical Advice
- Wash feeding items (bowls, scales) with soap and rinse thoroughly
- Separate feeding equipment
- Feed pets separately
Results of a Hydrolysed Diet
- Example image showing improvements in a cat after 30 days on a hydrolyzed diet
Summary
- Specific nutrients (good-quality protein, zinc, Omega 3 and 6) support skin and coat recovery
- Most common dermatological issue is parasite
- Animals need prior exposure to protein
- Most common causes are beef in dogs and cats
- Methods for determining adverse food reactions: novel protein and hydrolyzed diets
- Food elimination trials are best over 8 weeks (2 skin cycles)
- Best protocol for an adverse food reaction diagnosis involves the 8-week diet elimination trial with a hydrolysed diet
References
- List of cited sources and their relevant topics
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Description
Explore the nutritional support for dermatological issues in pets, particularly focusing on skin conditions like atopic dermatitis and food allergies. This quiz will guide you through the structure and functions of the skin, as well as dietary modification strategies for dogs and cats.
