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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for selecting a specific route of drug administration?
What is the primary reason for selecting a specific route of drug administration?
Which of the following routes of drug administration does NOT undergo the hepatic first pass metabolism?
Which of the following routes of drug administration does NOT undergo the hepatic first pass metabolism?
Which aspect is NOT typically considered when selecting the optimal route of drug administration?
Which aspect is NOT typically considered when selecting the optimal route of drug administration?
What is considered a solid dosage form of drug administration?
What is considered a solid dosage form of drug administration?
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What is a primary effect intended by topical routes of drug administration?
What is a primary effect intended by topical routes of drug administration?
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Which of the following accurately defines parenteral routes of administration?
Which of the following accurately defines parenteral routes of administration?
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Which of the following best describes the role of bioavailability in drug administration?
Which of the following best describes the role of bioavailability in drug administration?
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Why is it important to understand hepatic first pass metabolism?
Why is it important to understand hepatic first pass metabolism?
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What type of errors can occur with 'wrong route' drug administration?
What type of errors can occur with 'wrong route' drug administration?
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Which of the following drugs is likely to undergo significant first pass metabolism in gastrointestinal epithelial cells?
Which of the following drugs is likely to undergo significant first pass metabolism in gastrointestinal epithelial cells?
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What is a major advantage of parenteral drug administration compared to oral administration?
What is a major advantage of parenteral drug administration compared to oral administration?
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Which parenteral route is considered the fastest in terms of drug absorption?
Which parenteral route is considered the fastest in terms of drug absorption?
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What is essential for the dosage form in parenteral routes of administration?
What is essential for the dosage form in parenteral routes of administration?
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Which site is commonly used for intramuscular injections due to its vascularity?
Which site is commonly used for intramuscular injections due to its vascularity?
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What is a caution associated with intravenous drug administration?
What is a caution associated with intravenous drug administration?
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What is a characteristic of subcutaneous injections compared to intramuscular injections?
What is a characteristic of subcutaneous injections compared to intramuscular injections?
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What is a key disadvantage of the enteral route of drug administration?
What is a key disadvantage of the enteral route of drug administration?
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Which factor does NOT affect the efficiency of drug absorption through the oral route?
Which factor does NOT affect the efficiency of drug absorption through the oral route?
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Which of these is NOT a parenteral route of administration?
Which of these is NOT a parenteral route of administration?
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For which purpose is total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administered?
For which purpose is total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administered?
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What is the primary purpose of hepatic first-pass metabolism?
What is the primary purpose of hepatic first-pass metabolism?
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Why are hydrophobic and neutral drugs typically absorbed more efficiently than hydrophilic drugs?
Why are hydrophobic and neutral drugs typically absorbed more efficiently than hydrophilic drugs?
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Which of the following statements about intravenous (IV) drug administration is true?
Which of the following statements about intravenous (IV) drug administration is true?
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Which of the following drugs would most likely face challenges due to first-pass metabolism?
Which of the following drugs would most likely face challenges due to first-pass metabolism?
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What is a common challenge associated with enteric-coated tablets?
What is a common challenge associated with enteric-coated tablets?
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What is biliary excretion?
What is biliary excretion?
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Which dosage form is NOT commonly administered via the enteral route?
Which dosage form is NOT commonly administered via the enteral route?
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What is a major risk associated with oral drug administration?
What is a major risk associated with oral drug administration?
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Why might food interfere with drug absorption via the enteral route?
Why might food interfere with drug absorption via the enteral route?
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What is a notable advantage of topical medications?
What is a notable advantage of topical medications?
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What is a disadvantage of sublingual drug administration?
What is a disadvantage of sublingual drug administration?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of inhalation drug delivery?
Which of the following is a characteristic of inhalation drug delivery?
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Which route bypasses both the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier?
Which route bypasses both the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier?
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Why is nitroglycerine commonly used sublingually?
Why is nitroglycerine commonly used sublingually?
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What is a common risk associated with spinal routes of drug administration?
What is a common risk associated with spinal routes of drug administration?
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Which site of intramuscular injection is considered ideal for children under 1 year?
Which site of intramuscular injection is considered ideal for children under 1 year?
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What is a significant risk associated with intraperitoneal injections?
What is a significant risk associated with intraperitoneal injections?
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In the context of drug delivery, what does the term 'first pass effect' refer to?
In the context of drug delivery, what does the term 'first pass effect' refer to?
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Which parenteral route provides the fastest onset of action?
Which parenteral route provides the fastest onset of action?
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What is a common disadvantage of using the parenteral route for drug administration?
What is a common disadvantage of using the parenteral route for drug administration?
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Why are oil-based solutions often administered intramuscularly?
Why are oil-based solutions often administered intramuscularly?
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Which statement is true regarding subcutaneous injections?
Which statement is true regarding subcutaneous injections?
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What is a disadvantage of intravenous (IV) drug administration?
What is a disadvantage of intravenous (IV) drug administration?
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For which circumstance is the parenteral route especially valuable?
For which circumstance is the parenteral route especially valuable?
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What is one of the main issues with absorption in obese individuals for parenteral routes?
What is one of the main issues with absorption in obese individuals for parenteral routes?
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Study Notes
Routes of Drug Administration
- Route of Administration: The way a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance enters the body.
- Importance of the Route: Influences absorption, bioavailability, and potential toxicity.
- Factors to Consider when Choosing a Route: Drug's properties, patient's age and medical condition, intended target.
Dosage Forms
- Solid Dosage Forms: Tablets, capsules
- Liquid Dosage Forms: Injectables, oral solutions, suspensions
- Semi-solid Dosage Forms: Ointments, creams
Routes of Administration
-
Enteral: Drugs are administered through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for a systemic effect
- Oral (PO): The most common and convenient route, but drugs may be inactivated by stomach acid or enzymes.
- Nasogastric: Delivered through a tube inserted into the nose and stomach.
-
Parenteral: Drugs are administered directly into the systemic circulation or tissue, bypassing the GI tract.
- Intravenous (IV): Rapid onset, bypasses first-pass metabolism, good for emergencies.
- Intramuscular (IM): Delivers drugs into muscles, offering a faster absorption rate than subcutaneous, but slower than IV.
- Subcutaneous (SC): Drugs are injected under the skin, ideal for slow absorption.
- Intradermal (ID): Drugs are injected into the skin's upper layer.
- Intraperitoneal (IP): Drugs are injected into the peritoneal cavity, primarily used in lab animals.
- Topical: Drugs are applied to the skin or mucous membranes for local or systemic effects.
Hepatic First-Pass Metabolism
- A process where drugs are extensively metabolized in the liver during their first pass through the portal system.
- Oral drugs are subject to first-pass metabolism.
- Significant first-pass metabolism can occur in gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells.
Common "Wrong Route" Errors
- Inadvertently administering a drug by the wrong route, which can have severe consequences.
Inhalation
- Drug delivery via the lungs.
- Inhaled insulin is an example.
Sublingual
- Drug administered under the tongue to bypass first-pass metabolism, leading to rapid onset.
- Examples Nitroglycerin (angina).
Spinal Routes
- Epidural (Epi): Drug administered into the space surrounding the spinal cord.
- Intrathecal (IT): Drug administered directly into the spinal fluid.
- Combined Spinal-Epidural (CSE): A combination of epidural and intrathecal administration.
- Bypasses the blood-brain barrier and blood-CSF barrier.
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Description
This quiz explores the various routes of drug administration and their significance in pharmacology. You will learn about solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms, as well as the factors influencing the choice of route for drug delivery. Test your understanding of enteral and parenteral methods and their implications for absorption and bioavailability.
