Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most frequent route for drug administration?
What is the most frequent route for drug administration?
- Topical route
- Oral route (correct)
- Rectal route
- Parenteral route
Which of the following is NOT a dosage form taken by the oral route?
Which of the following is NOT a dosage form taken by the oral route?
- Tablets
- Suppositories (correct)
- Elixirs
- Solutions
What is a major disadvantage of the oral route of drug administration?
What is a major disadvantage of the oral route of drug administration?
- Requires medical supervision
- Higher cost
- Slower onset of action (correct)
- Difficult to administer
What are the three main parenteral routes of drug administration?
What are the three main parenteral routes of drug administration?
Which route is used mainly when a patient is vomiting or unconscious?
Which route is used mainly when a patient is vomiting or unconscious?
What is a major advantage of the intravenous (IV) route for drug administration?
What is a major advantage of the intravenous (IV) route for drug administration?
What type of injection administers the drug deep into the skeletal muscle for immediate effect?
What type of injection administers the drug deep into the skeletal muscle for immediate effect?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the intravenous route?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the intravenous route?
What is the primary difference between topical and transdermal routes?
What is the primary difference between topical and transdermal routes?
What is a significant characteristic of the respiratory route for drug delivery?
What is a significant characteristic of the respiratory route for drug delivery?
Flashcards
Oral Route
Oral Route
The most common method of drug administration, involving swallowing a medication.
Suppositories
Suppositories
Solid dosage forms inserted into the rectum where they melt or dissolve to release the drug.
Slower Onset of Action (Oral)
Slower Onset of Action (Oral)
A significant drawback is the delay in the drug taking effect compared to other routes.
Parenteral Routes
Parenteral Routes
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Rectal Route
Rectal Route
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Faster Onset of Action (IV)
Faster Onset of Action (IV)
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Intramuscular Injection
Intramuscular Injection
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Topical vs. Transdermal
Topical vs. Transdermal
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Respiratory Route Characteristic
Respiratory Route Characteristic
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IV Administration: Requires Trained Personnel
IV Administration: Requires Trained Personnel
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Study Notes
Routes of Drug Administration
- Most common route is oral, but can be used for local effects in the GI tract
- Rectal route is used for local action when oral administration is not possible due to vomiting or unconsciousness
- Parenteral route refers to any administration method that is not oral, including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous
- Topical administration is used for local action on the skin and examples include ointments, creams, pastes, and gels.
- Transdermal route is used for systemic action and is applied topically to the skin.
- Respiratory route is used to deliver drugs through the lungs in a gaseous or aerosol mist, with smaller particles reaching deeper into the lungs
- Ophthalmic route is a subtype of topical used for local action in the eye, requiring sterile and isotonic dosage forms
- Sublingual administration places the drug under the tongue, taking advantage of the rich blood supply for fast absorption
Prodrugs
- Prodrugs are compounds that require enzymatic biochemical processes to produce the active drug
- They can be used to modify drug absorption, increase solubility, and improve stability
- Olsalazine is an example of a prodrug that is cleaved by azo reductase enzyme in the GIT to form the active drug 5-aminosalicylic acid.
Factors Affecting Drug Dosage
- Drug dose is the lowest amount needed to achieve therapeutic effects without safety concerns
- Factors that influence dose include age, body weight, and body surface area
- Neonates require dose adjustments due to immature liver and renal function
- Heavier individuals typically require a higher dose than leaner individuals
- Taller individuals require a higher dose than shorter individuals
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