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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a router in a network?
What is the primary function of a router in a network?
At which OSI layer do switches primarily operate?
At which OSI layer do switches primarily operate?
What role does a Network Interface Card (NIC) play in a device?
What role does a Network Interface Card (NIC) play in a device?
Which of the following is NOT a common use case for a VPN?
Which of the following is NOT a common use case for a VPN?
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Which mechanism is NOT typically associated with fault tolerance in a network?
Which mechanism is NOT typically associated with fault tolerance in a network?
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Which protocol is commonly used by routers to make forwarding decisions based on IP addresses?
Which protocol is commonly used by routers to make forwarding decisions based on IP addresses?
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What kind of addressing does a switch primarily utilize for forwarding frames?
What kind of addressing does a switch primarily utilize for forwarding frames?
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What is the key purpose of implementing redundancy in a network?
What is the key purpose of implementing redundancy in a network?
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Study Notes
Routers and Switches: OSI Layers and Decisions
- Routers connect multiple networks, directing data packets between them; enabling communication across different networks like home to Internet.
- OSI Layer 3 (Network Layer); uses IP addresses to determine best paths for data packets. Consults routing tables and protocols (OSPF, BGP, RIP) to direct packets.
- Switches connect devices within the same network (e.g., LAN). Facilitates communication between devices within that network.
- OSI Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) mostly; Layer 3 switches also possible.
- Uses MAC addresses in network interface cards (NICs) to forward frames to correct destinations within the same network.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
- Hardware component enabling physical and logical network connections.
- Converts data between devices and signals (electrical, optical, or radio) for transmission over a network.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
- Create secure, encrypted tunnels between devices and networks over the internet.
- Security: Encrypts data to prevent eavesdropping.
- Privacy: Hides user's IP address and location.
- Access: Allows remote access to private access and bypassing regional restrictions.
Fault Tolerance in Networks
- Ability for a system or network to continue operating even with component failures.
- Implementation: Redundancy (multiple devices/paths), Load Balancing (distributing traffic), and Failover Mechanisms (backup devices/paths).
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
- Protects data by replicating it across multiple drives.
High Availability Protocols (e.g., HSRP, VRRP)
- Prevent single points of failure in networks by providing backup paths/devices.
Packet-Switched Networks
- Networks breaking data into small packets, routing independently to destinations.
- Key Steps: Data division into packets; routing packets based on source/destination IP addresses and network conditions; reassembly of packets at destination.
- Advantages: Efficient use of bandwidth, scalability, fault-tolerance.
- Example: Internet; using protocols like IP and TCP to handle addressing and delivery.
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Description
Explore the essential roles of routers and switches within the OSI model. Understand how Layer 2 and Layer 3 devices facilitate communication in both local and wide-area networks, including their functions in addressing and packet forwarding. This quiz also covers the importance of Network Interface Cards and Virtual Private Networks in data transmission.
