Rotator Cuff Tear & Frozen Shoulder

• These notes detail conditions, their symptoms, relevant tests, and expected results.

Rotator Cuff Tear (Nonspecific)

• Presents as shoulder pain and weakness with overhead activity, including night pain.
• Relevant tests include AROM/PROM of the shoulder, RROM Abduction/External Rotation, Overhead Press, Side-Lying DB ER, Push-Up, Wall Push-Up Test, and Dumbbell Shelf Task.
• Expected results are pain and weakness in RROM and overhead movements, limited AROM/PROM, and difficulty with external rotation and reaching overhead.

Frozen Shoulder

• Characterized by progressive shoulder stiffness and pain, with limited ROM in all directions.
• Relevant tests involve AROM/PROM of the shoulder, RROM Flexion/Abduction, Wall Push-Up Test, Overhead Press, Functional Reach, Dumbbell Shelf Task, Pull-Up/Lat Pulldown, and Horizontal Abduction/Adduction RROM.
• Findings include significantly restricted ROM in all planes, with pain during both passive and active movement, and difficulty with functional tasks due to stiffness.

Lateral Epicondylar Pain

• Causes lateral elbow pain during gripping/lifting, with tenderness at the lateral epicondyle.
• Assessed via AROM/PROM of the elbow and wrist, RROM Wrist Extension/Elbow Flexion/Extension, Farmers Carry, Push-Up, Bent Over Row, Dumbbell Shelf Task, and Functional Reach.
• Pain is elicited with resisted wrist extension, tenderness at the lateral epicondyle, and reduced function with grip/load-bearing tasks.

Post Upper Limb (Wrist) Fracture

• Results in wrist stiffness, weakness, and pain with load-bearing.
• Evaluated using AROM/PROM of the wrist, RROM Wrist Flexion/Extension/Elbow, Push-Up, Farmers Carry, Dumbbell Shelf Task, Wrist Circles, and Gripping Tasks.
• Findings show limited ROM, weakness in wrist motions, pain with load-bearing and resistance, and reduced grip strength.

Glute Med Tear

• Manifests as lateral hip pain, Trendelenburg gait, and difficulty stabilizing the pelvis.
• Testing involves RROM Hip Abduction, SL Balance (Foam/BOSU), Star Excursion Test, Step Down, Split Squat, Drop Squat, Single Leg Hop, and Side Lying Abduction.
• Results in pain and weakness with hip abduction, poor pelvic control, and difficulty with single-leg stance and dynamic movements.

AC Joint Impingement

• Causes superior shoulder pain, pain with cross-body movement, and overhead lifting.
• Assessed with AROM/PROM of the shoulder, RROM Horizontal Adduction/Abduction, Overhead Press, Push-Up, Dumbbell Shelf Task, Functional Reach, and Palpation.
• Presents with pain during horizontal adduction and overhead movement, possible crepitus, and limited end-range elevation.

Anterior Non-Descript Shoulder Pain

• Characterized by diffuse anterior shoulder pain with lifting or reaching.
• Evaluated via AROM/PROM of the shoulder, RROM Flexion/Internal Rotation, Wall Push-Up Test, Push-Up, Overhead Press, Dumbbell Shelf Task, and Functional Reach.
• Pain during flexion and IR, discomfort during pressing and reaching tasks, and possible scapular dyskinesis.

Chronic Low Back Pain

• Persistent lumbar pain, stiffness, and reduced functional capacity.
• Relevant tests: AROM/PROM Lumbar Spine, RROM Flexion/Extension, Sit to Stand, RDL, Lifting Boxes, Squat, Lumbopelvic Control Assessment, Split Squat.
• Expected Results: Reduced lumbar mobility and discomfort with flexion and prolonged standing, altered movement control.

Disc Bulge/Herniation

• Radiating leg pain, numbness, and decreased lumbar flexion.
• Relevant tests: AROM/PROM Lumbar Spine, RROM Flexion, RDL, Sit to Stand, Lifting Boxes, Straight Leg Raise, Slump Test, Lumbopelvic Control Assessment.
• Expected Results: Pain with lumbar flexion, possible neural tension signs, and difficulty with lifting tasks.

Spondylolisthesis

• Low back pain, instability, and extension intolerance.
• Relevant tests: AROM/PROM Lumbar Spine, RROM Extension, RDL, Lifting Boxes, Split Squat, Functional Tasks, Step Up/Down, Lumbopelvic Control Assessment.
• Expected Results: Pain and instability with extension, altered lumbar control, and movement avoidance behaviours.

Whiplash

• Neck pain, stiffness, headaches, and reduced ROM.
• Relevant tests: AROM/PROM Cervical, RROM Flexion/Extension/Rotation, Chin Tucks, Shrugs, Push-Up, Sit to Stand, Observation of Head Position.
• Expected Results: Limited cervical ROM, pain with end ranges, postural compensation, and muscle guarding.

T-Spine Kyphosis

• Rounded upper back, stiffness, and possible shoulder discomfort.
• Relevant tests: AROM/PROM Thoracic Spine, Overhead Press, RDL, Push-Up, Sit to Stand, Thoracic Extension in Chair, Postural Observation, Dumbbell Shelf Task.
• Expected Results: Limited thoracic extension, compensation in shoulder and lumbar spine, and posture-related pain.

Sway Back

• Anterior pelvic tilt and postural back pain.
• Relevant tests: Postural Observation, AROM Lumbar and Thoracic, Sit to Stand, Split Squat, RDL, Lumbopelvic Control Assessment, BW Squat, Hip Extension RROM.
• Expected Results: Altered pelvic alignment, weakness in hip extensors, and delayed glute activation.

Patellofemoral Pain

• Anterior knee pain with stairs, squatting, and sitting.
• Relevant tests: AROM/PROM Knee, RROM Extension, Squat, Step Down, SL Hop, Star Excursion Test, Knee to Wall Test, Drop Jump.
• Expected Results: Pain during loaded flexion, maltracking, and reduced neuromuscular control on the affected side.

Osteitis Pubis

• Groin pain, pain with running or kicking.
• Relevant tests: RROM Hip Adduction, Split Squat, Star Excursion Test, Step Up, RROM Hip Flexion, Passive Hip Stretch, SL Balance (Foam), Functional Lunge.
• Expected Results: Pain with adduction and stretch, possible asymmetry, and limited tolerance to dynamic load.

ACL Injury

• Knee instability, giving way, and pain after pivoting/trauma.
• Relevant tests: AROM/PROM Knee, RROM Flexion/Extension, SL Hop, Drop Jump, Star Excursion Test, Step Down, SL Balance, Pivot Shift Test.
• Expected Results: Instability and apprehension with pivoting and reduced control and dynamic balance.

Knee Injury - MCL and Meniscus

• Medial joint line pain, clicking, swelling, and instability.
• Relevant tests: AROM/PROM Knee, RROM Flexion/Extension, Step Down, SL Hop, McMurray's Test, Thessaly Test, SL Balance, Drop Squat.
• Expected Results: Pain with compression and valgus, instability, and decreased single-leg function.

Gluteal Bursitis

• Lateral hip pain with lying or walking, and tenderness.
• Relevant tests: Palpation, RROM Hip Abduction, SL Balance, Star Excursion Test, Step Down, Side Lying Abduction, Functional Step-Up, Split Squat.
• Expected Results: Pain on lateral hip with loading and palpation, weakness in abductors, and poor single-leg control.

Achilles Tendinopathy

• Posterior heel pain, worse in morning or with running.
• Relevant tests: RROM Plantar Flexion, SL Calf Raise, Step-Up/Down, Hop Test, Passive DF Stretch, Star Excursion Test, SL Balance, Ankle AROM/PROM.
• Expected Results: Pain with plantar flexion and loaded tasks, morning stiffness, and reduced ankle control.

Plantar Fasciitis

• Heel pain, worse in morning or after rest.
• Relevant tests: Passive Toe Extension Test, RROM Plantar Flexion, SL Calf Raise, Step-Up, Heel Raise Endurance, SL Balance, Toe Flexion ROM, Arch Palpation.
• Expected Results: Pain with plantar surface loading, tightness in fascia, and decreased endurance in foot muscles.

Hamstring Tendinopathy

• Posterior thigh pain, worse with sitting or activity.
• Relevant tests: RROM Knee Flexion, RDL, Step Down, SL Hop, Passive Hip Flexion Test, Glute Bridge Hold, Functional Lunge, Hamstring Stretch.
• Expected Results: Pain with stretch and loading, weakness with flexion, and reduced posterior chain endurance.

Runner’s Knee (IT Band Syndrome)

• Lateral knee pain with running, downhill, stairs
• Relevant tests: RROM Hip Abduction, Step Down, Star Excursion Test, SL Hop, ITB Palpation, Ober's Test, Split Squat, Lunge
• Expected Results: Pain with lateral load-bearing, tightness in ITB, decreased hip control and strength

Hip Labral Tear

• Deep groin pain, clicking, pain with rotation
• Relevant tests: RROM Hip Flexion/IR/ER, FADIR Test, FABER Test, Step-Up, Star Excursion Test, SL Balance, Split Squat, Passive Hip ROM
• Expected Results: Pain with combined ROM, positive impingement signs, reduced dynamic hip stability